This study investigated the in vivo effect of Murraya paniculata leaf on gastrointestinal nematodes reduction, growth rates and haematological changes of goats. Four experimental groups (n = 6) of goats naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes were control (GI) (untreated), positive control (GII) (treated with albendazole, 6 mg/Kg BW) and GIII and GIV treated with 5 and 10 g/Kg BW of M. paniculata leaves. Fecal samples collections were performed weekly for assessment of fecal egg count. Number of nematode eggs in goat feces (egg per gram; EPG) was determined from week 0 (pre-treatment) to week 8 (post-treatment) by modified McMaster egg counting technique. EPG values of GIV goats were significantly lower than that of the controls and those receiving the albendazole (p<0.05) at week 3. GII goats showed highly effective at EPG reduction in 1-2 weeks after giving albendazole and then the efficiency decreased until the end of the experiment. The effect of M. paniculata leaves on growth rate was studied by examining goat weight on days 0, 30, 60 and 90. GIV group revealed significantly higher weight change than other groups (p<0.05). The feeding of M. paniculata leaves at different levels did not affect on haematological parameters, glucose, total protein, urea, albumin and globulin of goats. It was found that values of the haematological parameters were within the range of the standard values. Compound analysis of M. paniculata leaves revealed that M. paniculata leaves contained higher protein content than grass and the protein content was closed to the meal concentrate. This corresponds to the best growth rates of GIV goats. The results demonstrated that M. paniculata leaves reduce the gastrointestinal nematode eggs of goats efficiently, safely and environment-friendly.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Caesalpinia sappan L. hearth wood extract against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and goats. Seventeen and thirty CNS isolates were isolated from bovine and caprine mastitis samples, respectively. The phytochemicals tests performed on aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. sappan heartwood presented total phenolic (150 and 187 mg GAE/g dw), flavonoids (28 and 21 mg RE/g dw), tannins, alkaloid, saponin, and steroid. The extracts were used to determine the antibacterial effect on CNS using disc diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods. The aqueous extract and ethanol extract of C. sappan contained effective compounds, including phenol, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, and steroid .Ethanol extract of C. sappan had a greater content of phenol, while aqueous extract of C. sappan had a greater content of flavonoid. Ethanol extracts of C. sappan showed the strongest inhibition on the CNS isolated from bovine (14.3-21.0 mm) and caprine (24.3-30.0 mm). The antimicrobial activity of ethanol C. sappan extract showed significantly higher than aqueous extract against bovine CNS (8.0 to 14.7 mm) and caprine CNS (22.3 to 29.0 mm). The C. sappan ethanol extract had the best MIC and MBC of bovine CNS (6.24 mg/mL) and caprine CNS of (1.56 mg/mL). The ethanol extracts of C. sappan showed strong antimicrobial effects against CNS isolated from both bovine and caprine mastitis.