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Next generation networks will use multiple transport technologies that offer unrestricted user access to different service providers and support generalised mobility to allow consistent and ubiquitous service provisioning to users. Different networks have widely varying characteristics, which makes it difficult to maintain the requested quality of service (QoS) after executing handoff from one transport technology to another. Maintaining the QoS during handoff in heterogeneous networks needs an intelligent decision mechanism. Moreover, the developed algorithms should be energy aware as the devices involved rely on battery power. This study proposes a novel vertical handover decision mechanism namely FUZZY-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FUZZY-TOP), obtained by combining a fuzzy rule-based mechanism with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution approach. Simulation results based on a generalised Markov chain show that compared with existing vertical handover decision algorithms, the proposed FUZZY-TOP decision algorithm performs better for different traffic classes.

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Next generation networks are envisioned to be heterogeneous in nature with an increase in demand towards ubiquitous services in wireless networks. As various networks have widely different characteristics, it is difficult to maintain the quality of service (QoS) after executing a handoff from one network to another network. Maintaining the QoS, based on applications, during the handoff in an heterogeneous networks needs an intelligent handoff decision mechanism. This article proposes a QoS-aware fuzzy rule-based vertical handoff mechanism that makes a multi-criteria-based decision, found to be effective for meeting the requirements of different applications in a heterogeneous networking environment. The QoS parameters considered are available bandwidth, end-to-end delay, jitter, and bit error rate. A new evaluation model is proposed using a non-birth-death Markov chain, in which the states correspond to the available networks. Simulation results show that compared to other vertical handoff algorithms, the proposed algorithm gives better performance for different traffic classes.

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