Abstract. A good number of android applications are available in markets on the Internet. Among them a good number of applications are law quality apps (or malware) and therefore it is difficult for android users to decide whether particular application is malware or benign at installation time. In this paper, we propose a design of system to classify android applications into two classes i.e. malware or benign. We have used hybrid approach by combining application analysis and machine learning technique to classify the applications. Application analysis is performed by both static and live analysis techniques. Genetic algorithm based machine learning technique is used to create rules for creating rule base for the system. The system is tested with applications collected from the various markets on the Internet and two datasets. We have obtained 96.43 % detection rate to classify the applications.

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Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving therapy for patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, the need of frequent transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Hep-B, Hep-C and HIV-1infections among the multi-transfused Beta-thalassemic patients and correlate the same with NAT testing. Methods: Total 196 patients with Beta-thalassemia were included in the study. Patients were screened for the presence of viral markers by third generation ELISA test as well as for viral DNA/RNA by NAT.  Results: Among these 196 multi-transfused Beta-thalassemia patients, 32.1% were females and 67.8% were males. A total of 100 (51.1%) patients were found to be anti-HCV antibody reactive, while HCV-RNA was positive in 66 (33.7 %) of the 196 patients tested. There were 6 (3.1%) patients reactive for anti-HIV-1 antibody, while 8 (4.1%) were positive for HIV-RNA. There were only 3 (1.5%) patients that were found to be reactive for HBsAg, however 5 (2.5%) were positive for HBV-DNA. Two (1%) patients had co-infection of anti-HCV antibody and HBsAg,whereas 6 patients were found co-infected by NAT testing, in-which 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA, 1 (0.5%) was positive for HIV-RNA and HBV-DNA, and 2 (1%) had co-infection of HIV-RNA and HCV RNA. Conclusion: Prevalence of HCV among multi-transfused Beta-thalassemia patients is significantly higher than the normal population. On the other hand, the study showed low prevalence of HBV. Therefore, a follow-up schedule and administration of booster dose of HBV vaccine is strongly recommended for thalassemia patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the foremost work that shows prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in thalassemia patients using both serology and molecular markers in Western India.

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We have integrated the treadmill-style locomotion interface, called the unconstrained walking plane (UWP), with virtual environment (VE) to enhance spatial learning. This setting allows for a new type of experience, whereby participants with visual disability can explore VE for unattended non-visual spatial learning (NSL) and to develop cognitive maps of it. Although audio and haptic interface has been studied for NSL, nothing is known about the use of locomotion interface for supporting NSL. The structure and control mechanism of the device are presented. Discussion of advantages and limitations of the interface are given. Different types of locomotion interface to virtual environment with their constraints and benefits are discussed briefly. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of the UWP for VE exploration which leads to enhancement of unattended spatial learning and thereby enhancing the mobility skills of visually impaired people (VIP). We report an experiment that investigates the efficacy of UWP for VE exploration during turning and straight walking mode.