Objective: To determine the prevalence and specificity of arterial Doppler imaging pathology identification of artery blood vascular disease Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: In the department of Radiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology MTI, Peshawar for the duration from January 2022 to May 2022. Methods: Total 95 patients of both genders were presented. All the patients were suffering from ischemic cerebrovascular illness. Informed written consent of all the patients were taken for detailed demographics. Doppler ultrasound was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist. Doppler ultrasound findings were compared with Carotid artery stenosis reports. SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.11±8.40 years and had mean BMI 24.1±13.25 kg/m2. The mean duration of disease was 1.7±6.34 years. 52 (54.7%) were males and 43 (45.3%) were females. There were 56 (58.9%) cases were smokers. Comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, ischemic stroke and dyslipidemia. Doppler ultrasound has a 91% overall sensitivity, 77% specificity, 47.3% positive predictive value, 92.5% negative predictive value, and 80% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The accuracy of diagnosing Carotid artery stenosis has greatly increased over time because to technological innovation. The finding of additional measures to describe plaque susceptibility in the carotid artery has grown in importance, from monitoring the carotid artery's shrinking diameter to assessing the enhanced velocity field close to the obstruction/lesion site. The sensitivity, precision, and reliability of Artery stenosis diagnosis have improved because to computer-aided programmes used in a variety of imaging modalities. Keywords: Specificity, Carotid artery stenosis, Doppler ultrasound Sensitivity

Objective: Our research sought to evaluate the utility of a first-trimester ultrasonography diagnostic of a single umbilical artery as a possible indicator of chromosomal abnormalities. Study Design: Retrospective Study Place and Duration: Department of Radiology, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar for the duration from January 2021 to March 2022. Methods: There were 68 pregnant females were of first trimester were presented in this study. Age of the patients was between 18-40 years. After getting informed written consent detailed demographics of enrolled females were recorded. Ultrasound was taken to diagnose single umbilical artery among all cases. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among all, 25 (36.8%) females were aged 18-25 years, 36 (52.9%) cases had age 26-35years and 17 (25%) females had age >35 years. 37 (54.4%) patients had BMI <25kg/m2 and 31 (45.6%) had BMI >25kg/m2. 30 (44.1%) cases were primigravida and 38 (55.9%) cases were multigravida. 40 (58.8%) cases were from rural areas and 33 (48.5%) cases were literate. Overall frequency of single umbilical artery (SUA) was 3 (4.4%) in which 1 (1.5%) in single pregnancy and 2 (2.9%) in twin pregnancy. The first trimester finding had 85% sensitivity, a 97% specificity, a 0.4% false positive rate, and a 14.9% false negative rate. Frequency of malformations was 13 (19.1%). Most cases of severe foetal deformity were detected using ultrasonography in the 16th week. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we can say that SUA is a valuable marker for foetal malformation pathology in the first trimester, allowing for the early detection of many instances of malformations before 20 weeks of gestation. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Pregnant Females, First Trimester, Single Umbilical Artery

Background: Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse in women less than 35 years of age and 6 months in women older than 35 years [1, 2]. It affects 10 to 15 % of the couples [1]. Abnormalities of fallopian tubes account for 35 to 40 % of the cases of infertility [3]. Sonosalpingography is a non-invasive, safe and cost- effective diagnostic technique which provides reliable diagnosis of tubal patency [4]. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic validity of Sonosalpingography as a tubal patency test in infertile women using laparoscopy as gold standard. Methodology: This study was carried out at the Radiology Departments of Khyber Teaching Hospital and Kuwait Teaching Hospital in Peshawar. We used the WHO method for sample size by taking the prevalence of tuboperitoneal factors as 30%, sensitivity 72.9%, specificity 81.22%, margin of error 12%, and 95% confidence interval. It was a cross-sectional study that lasted for 6 months and assessed a total of 178 patients. Additionally, a non-probability, sequential sampling strategy was utilized to acquire the sample. Results: Our patients aged between 18-45 years, out of which 30% of the participants aged 18 to 25years, 55% were between 26 and 35years, and 15% were between 36 and 45years. Standard deviation was 1.26, with a mean age of 27. The data collected from both the diagnostic tests was analyzed, diagnostic accuracy of Sonosalpingography was calculated as a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 76%, positive predictive value of 90%, negative predictive value of 60%, and diagnostic accuracy of 79%. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, sonosalpingography is a very helpful supplemental diagnostic tool for evaluating tubal disease in patients with infertility, though direct laparoscopic assessment is the gold standard. Sonosalpingography and laparoscopy can be used to evaluate patients with secondary infertility. This spares the patient from being exposed to radiations and the discomfort of contrast administration in HSG. Keywords: Diagnostic Accuracy, Sonosalpingography, Tubal Patency, Infertility, Laparoscopy

Objective: To determine the frequency and distribution of endplate modic changes in lumbar spine on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of lumbar spine of patients with low back pain.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in department of radiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from January to June 2020. A total 500 patients of both genders were included. MRI films were evaluated by Radiologist with 5 years' experience. Endplate modic changes were classified according to definition by Modic et al. Frequency and distribution of modic changes were assessed at L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.Results: In our study, a total of 386 patients showed endplate modic changes. The mean age of the sample was 41.0+15.16 years. There were 190 (47.4% ) males and 196 (52.6%) females. Type 2 modic changes were found in 192 (49.7%) patients while 161 (41.7%) had type 3 modic changes and 33 (8.5%) had type 1 modic changes. Conclusion:Endplate modic changes occur with greater frequency at L5-S1. Modic type 2 changes are most common. Positive correlation exists between degenerative disk disease and modic changes.