These results suggested that rifampicin-gelatin grafts are clearly valid for S epidermidis infection, whereas no efficacy was recognized against either MRSA or E coli graft infection because of early development of high minimal inhibitory concentration MRSA strains or poor susceptibility.

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Intravesical oxybutynin hydrochloride was administered to 17 patients with a neuropathic bladder (myelomeningocele in 15 and spinal cord tumour in two) and urinary incontinence refractory to intermittent catheterisation. Therapy consisted of instillation of a 10 ml solution containing 5 mg oxybutynin hydro chloride twice daily. The cystometric bladder capacity before and after 1 hour of intravesical oxybutynin hydrochloride was 132 ± 45 ml and 193 ± 71 ml (mean ± 1 standard deviation, p < 0.01) in all 17 patients. In 13 patients with low compliant bladders, the mean bladder compliance before and after 1 hour of instillation was 4.2 ± 2.4 ml/cmH20 and 8.5 ± 6.4 ml/cmH20 respectively (p < 0. 01). The period of the intravesical oxybutynin hydrochloride treatment ranged from 2 to 16 months (mean 11. 1 months). The improvement rate of 'moderately improved' and better response was 76.5% in all 17 patients. One patient complained of slight lower abdominal pain, which receded as treatment continued. Since the pH value of the solution appeared to be so low as to irritate the vesical mucosa, the value was adjusted to 5.85. No local or systemic side effects were observed thereafter. These encouraging results suggest that intravesical instillation of oxybutynin hydrochloride is an attractive alternative in patients with a neuropathic bladder, who are either unresponsive to or have intolerable side effects from oral medications.

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The onset and progression of type II diabetes is closely related to environmental factors, in particular dietary habit. Moreover, the environmental exposures very early in life can influence the risk for development of type II diabetes later in life. In this study, we investigated pathophysiological changes in the pups of maternal Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) throughout gestation and lactation. Maternal SDT rats were continued on HFD for 5 weeks, from day 8 of gestation to day 21 after birth, and biological analyses of the pups were performed from 2 to 22 weeks of age. Results of serum lipid levels in pups from dams fed HFD were higher than pups from dams fed a standard diet, and the onset of diabetes was significantly accelerated in pups from dams fed HFD. In pathological analyses, pups from dams fed HFD showed increases in liver weight and vacuolation of hepatic cells at 2 weeks of age. In conclusion, the metabolic disorder of lipids and glucose in SDT rats is closely related to the nutritional condition of dams during the periods of gestation and lactation.