The effectiveness of combine harvesting processes is one of the most important indicators of planting enterprises, as it largely determines the efficiency of the entire organization. One of the problems in assessing the effectiveness of combine harvesters is the determination of the planned performance of machines with rated productivity. The paper considers approaches to determining the planned and actual performance of the processes of combine harvesting of grain crops. The factors affecting the decrease in the performance of combines have been studied. The analysis of data on the wheat harvesting process in local organizations of the South of Russia during 2014-2019 has been carried out. The results of calculating the planned and actual performance of wheat harvesting processes in these farms are presented.

The efficiency of sowing and harvesting processes in agriculture is one of the most important components of the success of an agricultural firm. Natural and climatic conditions typical for the majority of Russian agricultural territories impose restrictions on the timing and the fundamental possibility of sowing and harvesting. Therefore, the low efficiency of sowing and harvesting processes leads to a corresponding decrease in the volume of crop production. A number of works [1-4] consider various approaches to increasing the efficiency of sowing and harvesting, however, a systematic approach to the management of agricultural company processes requires the identification of the most significant reasons for the decrease in the efficiency and addresses as a priority their elimination (or reduction in the strength of their influence). The paper analyzes the reasons for the inefficiencies of sowing and harvesting processes and provides recommendations for reducing the impact of these reasons.

In the process of performing technological operations, any agricultural machinery is exposed to a large number of changing factors. The result of technological operations, in most cases, is performed by an organoleptic method, which is characterized by a significant error (up to 40%) and labor input. Given the complexity and labor input of assessing the performance quality indicators of agricultural machines, even partial automation of this process in practice gives a tangible (tens of percent) economic effect and becomes the basis for the formation of digital agriculture. We have analyzed existing methods for monitoring the quality indicators of technological operations using the example of the grain harvesting process. In particular, the possibilities of improving the methods for monitoring the performance quality indicators of a combine harvester have been considered. The correlation between the external signs of the quality violation of the technological process (losses) and adjustable parameters has been demonstrated using the example of a combine harvester thresher. A technique for adjusting the technological settings of the combine on the basis of electronic means of grain losses control, as an element of introducing the Precision Farming technologies, has been developed.

In the process of performing technological operations, any agricultural machinery is exposed to a large number of changing factors. The result of performing technological operations, i.e. the assessment of performance indicators, in most cases, is performed by the organoleptic method, which is characterized by a significant error (up to 40%) and labour intensity. The use of automatic means of control gives an undoubted advantage in convenience of use and in speed of obtaining results. Given the complexity and labour intensity of assessing the quality indicators of agricultural machinery, even partial automation of this process in practice gives a significant (tens of percent) economic effect and becomes the basis for the formation of digital agriculture. We have analyzed the existing methods for controlling the quality indicators of technological operations using the example of the grain harvesting process. In particular, the possibilities of improving the methods of monitoring the quality indicators of the work of the combine harvester are considered.

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