RESULTS:The mean pleural effusion volume, calculated LW/BW ratio, serum IL-6 and lung tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in EPO groups than in ANP groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in either serum or tissue values of IL-2 among the groups. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 and accumulation of ox-LDL were evident in the lung tissues of ANP groups when compared to EPO groups, particularly at 72 h. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the improvement in lung injury parameters after exogenous EPO administration, particularly at 48 h and 72 h. C O N C L U S I O N : E P O a d m i n i s t r a t i o n l e a d s t o asignificant decrease in ALI parameters by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) accumulation, decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in circulation, preserving microvascular endothelial cell integrity and reducing oxidative stress-associated lipid peroxidation and therefore, can be regarded as a cytoprotective agent in ANP-induced ALI. INTRODUCTIONAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening necroinflammatory disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates, especially when complicated by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ failure (MODS) [1,2] . Death occurs in 60% of the patients within the first 6 d of disease onset and pulmonary complications including acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Abstract AIM: To investigate the effect of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) administration on acute lung injury (ALI) in an experimental model of sodium taurodeoxycholateinduced acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). BASIC RESEARCH METHODS:Forty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham group (n = 5), 3 ANP groups (n = 7 each) and 3 EPO groups (n = 7 each). ANP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate into the common bile duct. Rats in EPO groups received 1000 U/kg intramuscular EPO immediately after induction of ANP. Rats in ANP groups were given 1 mL normal saline instead. All animals were sacrificed at postoperative 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Serum amilase, IL-2, IL-6 and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Pleural effusion volume and lung/body weight (LW/BW) ratios were calculated. Tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-6 were screened immunohistochemically. Additionally, ox-LDL accumulation was assessed with immune-fluorescent staining. Histopathological alterations in the lungs were also scored.

In this study, failure behavior of single lap composite plate fixed by means of both rivets and adhesive bonding was investigated using three-point bending test. Rivet connections were made on specimens at different geometrical intervals. Force-displacement graph were drawn. The composites used were made of glass epoxy materials with four plies and 0° layer angle. An FM73 film layered binder was used for binding process, whereas riveting was done with a 5 mm diameter dome shaped rivets. The bending test model was performed using Abaqus 6.9.1, finite element analysis software. After the three-point bending tests, the failure behavior obtained experimentally was compared with that obtained with numerical analysis. The failure behavior obtained experimentally was compared with that obtained with numerical analysis. In addition, two different failure criteria (Tsai-Wu and Tsai-Hill) were used for the composite test specimens and the failures that occurred in each layer were determined.

Ozet5e..1. Giris § C,oklu verici ye alici antenlerin kullanildigi qok giri~q ok qiki~Telsiz servisler icin artan kullanici talebi ile birlikte buiyuik mik-(C,GCC) olarak bilinen sistemler, kanalda meydana gelen bozultarlardaki veriin ytiksek hizda iletimi qok-yollu s6inleme1i malara kar §1 direnci artirmak icin Dikgen Frekans Bolmeli kanallar .izerinden yiiksek kalitede telsiz eri~imini gerek-Cogullama (DFBQ) ile birlikte kullanilabilir. B1oylece ttumlesik tirmektedir [1]. Kisitli olan frekans izgesi tizerinden ytiksek DFBC ve CG sistemleri, sabit telsiz haberlesme uygula-hizda ye verimli bir .ekilde kablosuz ileti.im servislerini malarinda istenilen yuiksek hlzda ve kalitede bilgi erinimi gibi ger.ekle~tirmek iqin fiziksel katmanda kullanilan qe.itli ileri yeni jenerasyon telsiz sistemler icin onerilen ozelliklere sahiptakniklerin geli.tirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu tekniklerden tirler. Ancak, farkli antenlerden ayni anda iletilen sinyallerin birisi, izge verimli bir .ekilde qok ta~iyicili ileti.imi kullaalici antenlere iistditiuimlerinin ulasmasi, yeni kanal kestirim narak kanal kapasite arti.ini saglayan Dikgen Frekans Bi.meli algoritmalarinin geli*tirilmesi ihtiyacini ortaya koymuCtur. Bu Cogullama (DFBC, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexbildiride CGCC-DFBC sistemleri icin zaman bolgesi En Ktiqik ing: OFDM) teknigidir [2]. DFBC genel olarak kablosuz Ortalama Karesel Hata (EKOKH) tabanli bir kanal kestirimi iletisimde ozelliklede IEEE802.1 la ve ETSI HIPERLAN/2 gibi yakla~imi 6inerilmi~tir. Kanal kestirim g6i5revini 6inemli 61iide WLAN standartlarinda coklu yola karbi sagladigi avantajlar ve basitlestiren bu yaklabimda kanal parametreleri Karhunen Lobu kanallar .izerinden ytiksek hizda eri.imi, bandverimli .eklide eve D1)ntiibimii (KLD) yardimlyla dik seri ailllml sonucunda saglamasindan dolayl kullanilmaktadir. DFB . belirtilen bu ilintisiz katsayllar elde edilmistir. B1oylece kanal kestirim prob-..zellikleri frekans seici olan kanall her bir altbantta d.iz lemi bu katsayllarin EKOKH kestirimine dintiiflrfirilmii §tffr. s6niimlemeli kanal haline getirmesiyle saglamaktadir. DFBC B1oyle bir aclllma dayall EKOKH kestirimcisinde ise matris bilgiyi her bir alt banttan g6ndererek semboller arasi giri.imi tersi gerekmemektedir. Ayrica, onerilen yaklasimin ba §anmi en (IS!) azalttigindan dtiitik karmawikli denkle~tiricilerin kulkiiiik Bayes OKH (Ortalama Karesel Hata) ifadesi clkarilarak lanilmasina imkan vermektedir [3]. incelenmi~tir. DFBC sistemleri coklu verici ve alici antenlerin kullanildigi Abstract cok giris cok qikis (CGCC, Multi-Input Multi-Output: MIMO) Systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas, diye bilinen sistemlerle birlestirilerek kanalda meydana gelen known as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems can bozulmalara karbi daha direnjli hale getirilebilir. B1oylece sabit be used with OFDM to improve the resistance to channel im-telsiz haberlesme uygulamalarinda istenilen yuiksek hlzda ve pairments. Thus the technologies of OFDM and MIMO are kalitede bilgi erisimi saglanabilir. A...