*Autor a quien debe ser dirigida la correspondenciaRecibido Ago. 20, 2013; Aceptado Oct. 3, 2013; Versión final recibida Dic. 2, 2013 Resumen Se estudia el comportamiento de la capacidad frigorífica y la eficiencia de los compresores herméticos operando en condiciones de clima tropical y se evalúa como afectan el funcionamiento de un refrigerador doméstico. Para ello se realizó el estudio experimental de las prestaciones de compresores herméticos a temperaturas ambientes de 35 y 38 °C y se compararon con las obtenidas según las condiciones de pruebas estándar ASHRAE y CECOMAF. Se emplearon compresores herméticos de tres fabricantes en los que se determinaron los parámetros termodinámicos citados a través de un calorímetro a fluido secundario y se realizó la prueba de marcha acelerada para conocer los desgastes mecánicos de los grupos constructivos. Los resultados evidencian que se pierde como promedio más del 10 % de la capacidad frigorífica y más de 7 % de eficiencia. La evaluación en banco de marcha acelerada mostró que ningún compresor manifiesta en sus partes desgaste mecánico intenso. Palabras clave: refrigeración doméstica, compresores herméticos, capacidad frigorífica, eficiencia, energía. Experimental Evaluation of Hermetic Compressors under Conditions of Tropical Climate. Efficiency and Cooling Capacity AbstractThe behavior of the cooling capacity and efficiency of hermetic compressors operating in tropical conditions is studied and the effect on the functioning of domestic refrigerators is evaluated. For this experimental study, the performance of hermetic compressors at ambient temperatures of 35 and 38 ° C was analyzed and compared with those obtained under the standard CECOMAF and ASHRAE test conditions. Hermetic compressors from three manufacturers were used, in which such thermodynamic parameters were determined through a secondary flow calorimeter and an accelerated run test to know the mechanical wear of the compressor components. The results show that, on the average, more than 10% of the cooling capacity and more than 7% efficiency of the hermetic compressors studied are lost. The assessment in accelerated run showed that none of the compressor components presented intense mechanical wear.
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