IntroductIonNon Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are the most commonly occurring hematologic malignancies in the United States. They represent 4% to 5% of all new cancer cases. There is 65,540 men and women (35,380 men and 30,160 women) ARM I "cisplatin 75mg/m2 on day 1, dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1-4, and gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, given every 21 days" and ARM II, Patients received "cisplatin 75mg/m2 IV over 24 hours on day 1, dexamethasone as in arm A, and cytarabine 2gm/m2 IV over 3 hours every 12 hours on day 2, given every 21 days". A total of 330 chemotherapy cycles were administered, with a mean of 5.4 cycles per patient (range 2-6). results: Among the sixty two eligible patients treated, there were three early deaths, including one patient in group A and two patient in group B. Four patients in group A and three patients in group B had disease progression during treatment. The overall response rate was 65% (29% CR rate, 38% PR rate) in arm A and 67.6% (32.2% CR rate, 35.4% PR rate) in arm B. The median disease free survival time was 10 months, 9 months (95% CI, 6.078 to 11.922 months), the median Progression free survival time was 4 months (95% CI, 2.108 to 5.892 months), 4 months (95% CI, 3.028 to 4.972 months), the median overall survival time was 20 months (95% CI, 14.377 to 25.623 months), 21 months (95% CI, 9.352 to 32.648 months) for arm A& B, respectively. Hematologic toxicities were comparable between the two arms with greater number of patients developed grade III, IV neutropenia in arm B. The most common grade III or IV hematological toxicities were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, neutopenia was 62.9% in group A and 70% in group B, febrile neutopenia was significantly higher in group B (53.8%) compared to (22.2%) in group A. Grade III or IV thrombocytopenia was observed in 29.7% among both groups. Other hematological toxicities are comparable in both groups. Stomatitis and infection were higher in arm B. Stomatitis was 36%, 69.2%, Infection was 24%, 42.3% for arm A& B, respectively. conclusion: The study revealed no significant differences between GDP and DHAP as regarding response rate, OS, DFS and PFS in treatment of relapsed or refractory DLBCL. Toxicity was higher in DHAP group.

There is little evidence that the nitrogen nutrition supply at rates above or less than what is considered optimal in non-saline conditions improves growth and yield of halophyte crop cultivated under salt stress. Therefore, hypothesize of the present work was to find out the magnitude to which N could restore the harmful effects of salt stress on quinoa plants. A pot experiment was performed in greenhouse conditions to evaluate quinoa's response grown under water salinity treatments (0.0 & 200 mM NaCl) when nitrogen nutrition rates were limiting (50ppm), adequate (250 ppm), and excess (450 ppm) to guide proper application rate of nitrogen fertilizer under salinity stress. The results indicated that, salinity caused a significant decrease in the vegetative growth of the plant. Consequently, all vegetative measurements were negatively affected. As a result, the seed yield decreased to more than 50%. The application of a moderate level of nitrogen (250 ppm) caused a significant ameliorative effect on seed yield by 126% under non saline conditions and 34.5 % under saline conditions compared to the low nitrogen level. The results did not improve any further with the application of a higher level of nitrogen. These results indicate that applying (N) in adequate may improve most traits and prove to be a physiological treatment to increase resistance against the negative effects of salt stress in quinoa.