Microgravity-induced changes in the bioavailability of drugs may influence the efficacy or toxicity of drugs. The bioavailability of orally administered drugs may be altered by changes in dissolution rate, intestinal microflora, intraluminal enzymes, epithelial enzymes, rate of passage across the gastrointestinal epithelium, gastric emptying rate, intestinal transit time, hepatic first pass metabolism, and gastrointestinal and hepatic blood flow. Limited data from antiorthostatic bed rest and inflight studies provide preliminary evidence that the bioavailability of orally administered drugs in space may be decreased or subject to more interindividual variation than expected from ground-based studies.

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Student achievement on whole case-based exams, designed to assess clinical reasoning skills, and student satisfaction with the course were high; however, longitudinal experience with cohorts internal and external to this institution is necessary to determine whether this type of course and clinical reasoning model is scalable, and whether the model has a measurable impact on student performance in the clinical year of the curriculum.

Objectives. To create a bingo game that would increase student interaction with course material and provide students with options for demonstrating learning and earning extra credit. Design. A bingo game was created in which each of the 25 squares contained an activity (eg, video, crossword puzzle, poem, quiz) that encouraged interaction with course material and appealed to multiple learning styles. Students who achieved bingo earned a 5-point (5%) grade bonus. Assessment. All students enrolled in the Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy Skills course participated in the bingo game. The majority of students (74.6% in the fall and 81.9% in the spring) achieved bingo. Students who achieved bingo had an average course grade 7 points (fall semester) and 10 points (spring semester) higher than the average course grade from the prior 6 semesters. Conclusion. The bingo game increased student interaction with course material throughout the semester and provided students with options for demonstrating learning.

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