The main objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of job clarity on nurses’ job satisfaction in the public hospitals of Sindh province of Pakistan. The results presented a valid and reliable measurement model so that a structural model could be built upon it for testing research hypotheses. Results indicate that job clarity has an insignificant impact on job satisfaction among nurses in Pakistan. Moreover, the fairness perception does not moderate; rather, it is found to be a strong predictor of nurses’ job satisfaction. In other words, people have a lack of clarity about tasks, roles, and responsibilities, often end up affecting their outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the element of fairness in jobs to boost job satisfaction. HR policies and general policy makers in the organization have a greater role in this regards to ensure that the work and task are divided on fair grounds and so the rewards.

This paper analyses the impact of research and development (R&D) expenditures on economic growth in a global perspective utilizing the data of 60 developed and developing countries from 1998 to 2015. This study employs the Pooled Mean Group Estimators (PMGE) proposed by Pesaran et al. (1999) to find a heterogeneous trend among different groups of countries. The findings suggest that there exist a significant & positive relationship amongst R&D spending and economic growth globally, which appears consistent with economic theory. The study also confirms both long and short run relationship of economic growth and expenditures on R& D except that the short-run coefficient appears insignificant in the case of developing countries. This study implies that economies with higher R& D spending tend to have higher economic growth. This study has retentive policy implications for management and policymakers who could make important endeavors at the national level in this regard.