Highly significant levels of cf-DNA and its integrity in PC patients compared to BPH. Twenty-eight (56%) patients with prostate cancer had bone metastasis. ALU115 qpcr is superior to the other markers in discriminating metastatic patients with a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 86.4% and (AUC=0.981) CONCLUSION: ALU115 qpcr could be used as a valuable biomarker helping in identifying high risk patients, indicating early spread of tumor cells as a potential seed for future metastases.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer affecting men, it accounts for 29% of all male cancer and 11% of all male cancer related deaths. DNA is normally released from an apoptotic source which generates small fragments of cell-free DNA, whereas cancer patients have cell-free circulating DNA that originated from necrosis, autophagy, or mitotic catastrophe, which produce large fragments. Aim of work: Differentiate the cell free DNA levels (CFDNA) and its integrity in prostate cancer patients and control group composed of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy persons. Methodology: cf-DNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR amplification in prostate cancer patients (n = 50), (BPH) benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 30) using two sets of ALU gene (product size of 115 bp and 247-bp) and its integrity was calculated as a ratio of qPCR results of 247 bp ALU over 115 bp ALU. Results: Highly significant levels of cf-DNA and its integrity in PC patients compared to BPH. Twenty-eight (56%) patients with prostate cancer had bone metastasis. ALU115 q PCR is superior to the other markers in discriminating metastatic patients with a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 86.4% (AUC = 0.981) Conclusion: ALU115 q PCR could be used as a valuable biomarker helping in identifying high risk patients, indicating early spread of tumor cells as a potential seed for future metastases.

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The radio-protective role of fenugreek (fen) and IFN was studied against the damage effects induced by gamma irradiation in liver of albino rats. Male and female albino rats were paired. The produced generations were separated into 3 classes PC, PT& P-ir, representing untreated, fed with standard food mixed with 5% Fen seed powder (FSP) and exposed to whole body irradiation (WBI) respectively. Animals were allowed for mating to give F 1. F 1 was separated into 3 subgroups (ir-ir), (ir+FSP) and (ir-IFN), subjected to another dose of irradiation, fed with standard food mixed with FSP, injected with IFN respectively. All individuals were arranged for pairing until the production of F 2. DNA assay was carried out using RAPD-PCR fingerprinting technique. Six arbitrary primers were used. They produced various numbers of fractions ranging between zero to 8 within each of the studied groups. Some specific fractions were picked out indicating polymorphic alleles. Quantitative mutations were observed within the percentage area of the generated bands. Highest and / or lowest similarity indices were observed between the studied groups indicating complementary to the used primer or pointing to some degree or to complete disturbance in the DNA sequencing as a result of the different treatments. In conclusion the remarked changes in DNA fingerprinting confirmed the potential transmission of radiation damage of genome to the progeny while each of fen and IFN ameliorated the harmful effects of irradiation.