IntroductionLearning environment might be defined as anything that can affect the learning directly or indirectly. During the era of accreditation and quality assurance, we are badly in need to evaluate our program strength and pick possible areas for curriculum reform.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the perception of medical students in the University of Bahri (UB) about the educational environment and analyze the variation of this perception with gender, level of study, type of intake, type of certificate, and accommodation.MethodologyThis is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, UB, in Sudan during July–August 2017, enrolling 347 students. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used as a survey tool for this study.ResultsOverall DREEM average score of 125.2997/200 is perceived. This score is distributed in all DREEM subclasses.ConclusionHaving some negative perceptions is a huge burden on policymakers, administration, and all stakeholders to revise the whole educational environment at the UB with special efforts needed for curriculum revision, faculty development, mentoring, and other skills development.

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Introduction: Pneumonia, defined as infection of lung parenchyma, is associated with severe complications especially in the very young and old patients. It is the world’s leading cause of childhood mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification and guidelines are commonly used in Sudan in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia patients. This review was the outcome of some researches done in Sudan by the author and his colleagues. Management Systems were evaluated to give complete end to end solutions for serving patients along with their records in hospitals and clinics in Sudan. The objective of the study was: To reflect author experience in management of childhood pneumonia in Sudan and to determine feasible, affordable approach to pneumonia in Sudan. Methodology: Searching through PubMed for the author publication and review of publication by author in Sudan regarding management of pneumonia. Conclusion: Simple tests like chest X-ray, high WBC high-reactive protein, together with high temperature can predict the need for urgent blood culture. Antibiotic treatment for childhood pneumonia weather that recommended by WHO, b-lactam inhibitors or 3rd generation cephalosporin has the same outcome.

Introduction: The invasion of bacteriophage on the associated host bacterium depends on their receptors' orientation that adsorb them to cell surface. During phage replication a valuable number of proteins acts as lytic enzymes for host puncher at the beginning of the infection and other for burst after lytic cycle compilation. Accordingly, the proteomic relationship among phage and bacterium proteins could easily be studied by their protein profiles analysis. Objective: To detect bacteriophages functional enzymes during lytic cycle. Methods: The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli and their parasitic T7 phage group was done using bacterial culture and common plaque assay techniques. The investigations and protein-protein interactions' assays were inveterate by proteins profile of phage and bacterium using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to find out their molecular weights, where the scaled location of each mobile band was compared to the standards of identified proteins weights in the molecular ladder. Thereafter, Protein model's assembly and bands migration was done by computer analytical software. Results: Mobilization of the phage' proteins inside the Two Dimensions (2D) gel ranged between 60 and 12 kDa where a model of 4 main bands with molecular weights of (46, 35, 24 and 14 kDa) is corresponded to the host ones, where pure 9 bands with molecular weight ranged between 96-24 kDa. The computational model analysis showed common shared molecular masses of 47, 34 and 16 kDa on plot area of the phage and the bacterium. Model interpretation confirmed that proteins ranged from 47.7 to 34.3 kDa resembles 43.3% of whole phage's proteins that assembled the capsid head and the coil, while the molecular weight mass of 22.5 formed the tail's proteins. The lytic enzymes' molecular weight was ranged between 18-14 kDa according to the function of the enzyme. The study revealed that the 34 kDa band has the common shared peak between T7 phage group and associated Escherichia coli host. Conclusion: Functional models of analysed proteins during phage assembly, ensures lytic enzymes are built in the capsid head and the lysozyme in the tail, they facilitate the enzymatic decay for bacterial host. This enzymatic function is related to the lytic cycle of the bacteriophages and their phenomenon in employing the bacterial DNA in proteins manufacturing during their replication inside host.

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