Tradicionalmente, los habitantes de la región andina han aprovechado los diferentes grupos de la fauna, tanto invertebrada como vertebrada; sin embargo, aunque la fauna en Colombia es bien conocida desde el punto de vista sistemático, existe un gran vacío de información en temas relacionados con los usos. El objetivo general de este estudio fue identificar la fauna silvestre conocida por los habitantes del municipio de San Antonio del Tequendama y evaluar la práctica que le dan desde sus saberes. A partir de encuestas aplicadas a la población rural y urbana, se encontraron seis tipos de aprovechamiento que involucran, especialmente, las clases Mammalia y Aves. La caza de subsistencia, el manejo como mascotas y las creencias o usos medicinales juegan un papel importante y son indicadores indispensables para fortalecer programas de conservación, que involucra a las comunidades locales.Palabras clave: Índice de valor de uso, fauna silvestre, percepción cultural.
The factors that influence habitat and space use by animals, and therefore their distribution and abundance, vary with spatial scale. The pacarana Dinomys branickii is a large rodent of the tropical Andes threatened by illegal hunting and habitat loss. We identified variables related to pacarana habitat use at 4 spatial scales in the Colombian Andes: landscape (3.14 km 2 circles), forest patch, foraging area, and den. At the landscape scale, pacaranas used areas with 20 to 95% forest cover that were not different from randomly sampled sites. At the forest fragment scale, used patches (mean = 12 ha) were larger than unused patches, but independent of distance to continuous forest. At the foraging area scale, habitat use was related to the presence of rocky caves used as dens and was unrelated to forest structure. At the den scale, pacaranas used deep caves (> 4 m) in sloping rocky outcrops with > 40% exposed rock (in 100 m 2 patches). Pacarana groups (4 to 5 individuals) had a mean home range of 2.45 ha around caves. We estimated a population density of 9.9 and 5.5 groups km −2 based on sign clusters (footprints, latrines, and foraging areas) and dens, respectively. Pacaranas fed on a variety of plant families found in primary and secondary forest and disturbed areas near streams. Our results indicate that pacaranas can survive in forest fragments, and the main factor limiting their distribution and abundance is the availability of adequate dens. Conservation of pacarana populations in rural landscapes may be helped by protecting a network of forest patches connected by riparian vegetation, but these populations would be vulnerable to illegal hunting.
Cuniculus taczanowskii es una especie típica de la región andina amenazada por factores, como la fragmentación del paisaje y la cacería. El presente trabajo, se desarrolló con el objetivo de establecer la amplitud de nicho, la selección alimentaria, la relación entre la frecuencia de ocurrencia de los ítems alimentarios recuperados en materia fecal y la abundancia de las especies vegetales de consumo potencial colectadas en un bosque andino nublado. Se identificaron 16 items alimentarios pertenecientes a las plantas recogidas como recurso potencial alimentario. Asplenium sp., Thibaudia floribunda y Phytolacca sp. fueron las especies más consumidas. La amplitud de nicho de la especie animal fue baja y no se encontró una relación significativa entre la abundancia de las especies vegetales colectadas y la frecuencia de los fragmentos epidermales encontrados. La especie discrimina entre los estados fenológicos de los recursos evaluados tendiendo a ser selectiva.
Quantifying the limb kinematics provide information on the locomotor behavior. Morphological differences lead to distinctiveness in the performance ability which in turn results in a diversification of habitat use. The comparative study of the fore and hind limb movements of two species of rodents is useful to recognize the basic principles of the locomotion of Cuniculus taczanowskii and Dinomys branickii. To record the movements of both species photograms were used on which the angles were measured through the stance and swing phase. The comparison of different segments during the movement highlights the scapula and femur to produce most of the propulsion force in both species. The difference in amplitude of the joint angle and the length of time contact with the soil, contributes to the speed, breadth and strength of the movement of these species which allows them to make a differential use of the available habitat.
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