The present study examined how the alkaline cooking process affects the chemical, thermal and structural properties of the chickpea, evaluating different lime concentrations. Cooking was carried out at 94°C, with two times of water for 15 min with five different lime concentrations. Regarding chemical composition, a decrease in protein and fat was observed: from 23.64% to a range of 18.26-19.93% for protein and from 8.20% to a range of 6.05-7.74% for fat. However, an increase was observed for ash and mineral content. The same pattern was observed for potassium. Raw chickpea did not present endotherm retrogradation, but a higher endotherm retrogradation was presented in chickpea cooked without lime, denoting that nixtamalisation decreased retrogradation. Additionally, V-amylose relative crystallinity increased with concentration of lime. Protein digestibility increases by β-sheet dismissing structure. Finally, it was observed that steeping time plays a key role in the nixtamalisation process.

Dairy products are now part of many people's diets. In 2017 global production was 700 million tons of milk, which are marketed in the form of liquid milk (54%), yogurt and fermented milk (16%), cheese (7%) and other products. The regions of the world with the highest production are Asia (30%), the European Union (28%) and North and Central America (18%). Revenues from this industry, in 2017, were 45 billion U.S. dollars, with France, Ireland and Germany controlling much of the market (34%).

The objective of the present investigation was to compare the effects of the conservationist and conventional tillage system on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Two soil samples were taken at different depths from 0 to 5 cm and from 5 to 30 cm. The apparent density (Da), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), carbonates, organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), available phosphorus and potassium (P and K) and bases were evaluated. interchangeable (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + y Na + ). It was observed that the conservation tillage system neutralizes the pH, regulates the concentration of exchangeable bases and reduces the concentration of carbonates. The evaluations of the aforementioned parameters allow us to conclude that the conservation agriculture system is an alternative to favor soil quality.

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Se evaluó el rendimiento de biomasa de avena, variedad Turquesa, bajo diferentes sistemas de labranza; mediante la presencia o ausencia de camas de siembra y materia orgánica, en condiciones de riego, en el Valle del Mezquital Hidalgo. La cosecha se efectuó en el estado de madurez fisiológica del grano. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron completamente al azar. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se reporta un rendimiento máximo de 15.920 ton·ha-1 para el tratamiento de siembra en plano al que se le incorporo el 100% de rastrojo del ciclo anterior, con ello, se sugiere la promoción y transferencia de tecnología a los productores de la región; para conservar el suelo, mejorarlo y hacer un uso más eficiente de los recursos naturales, además, de contribuir en su economía y asegurar mayores rendimientos de biomasa; destacando la importancia de impulsar a los agricultores a la modernización sustentable de la agricultura tradicional.