In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, public officials are called on to implement different strategies in order to respond effectively. One of the lessons of emergency management research is that effective response is unlikely without collaboration. Research on collaborative emergency management has focused on measuring the effectiveness of intergovernmental and intersectoral relationships, but little is known about the performance of inter-jurisdictional collaboration. This paper seeks to measure the network effectiveness of intermunicipal self-organized response to Covid-19. It uses a network analysis approach to compare planned and actual emergency management networks operating in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile. Content analysis of 202 formal agreements established by municipalities in 2009-2019 was used to capture the planned network. The actual network was depicted by collecting original data through an online survey that represented the 96% of the local governments located in this Latin American city. The results show a structural gap between planned and actual networks and reveal effectiveness problems associated with the disaster preparedness phase. However, an emergent intermunicipal network has supported collaborative response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study provides lessons for policymakers, public managers and researchers in the collaborative emergency management field.
Resumen Este artículo ofrece un panorama del estado de la investigación latinoamericana sobre cooperación intermunicipal, un fenómeno que ha adquirido relevancia empírica en la región desde la década de los años noventa. A partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura y del análisis de contenido de 47 artículos publicados entre 2005 y 2016 en revistas indexadas en WOS, Scopus y LatinIndex, este trabajo informa acerca de los avances de la investigación sobre los condicionantes relevantes, las complejidades de la operación y los diferentes efectos de la cooperación intermunicipal en países de América Latina. Los resultados identifican las brechas de investigación en el estudio de las causas y los factores explicativos de la colaboración como modelo organizacional y gobernanza territorial, como también la falta de estudios de efectividad de dichos arreglos. La identificación de estas brechas permitirá orientar la agenda de investigación futura sobre cooperación entre municipios.
RESUMENEste artículo estudia el proceso de diseño y conformación del ordenamiento administrativo del Estado chileno desde la perspectiva territorial en el período comprendido entre 1818 y 1887. A partir de la legislación, los presupuestos y las memorias de las autoridades del período, el artículo analiza la conformación e innovación de las estructuras administrativas territoriales. Se concluye que las condicionantes políticas, económicas y administrativas del país cimentaron la conformación de un modelo de organización que no rescató las particularidades provinciales primando la idea de oligarquía de un centro con amplios poderes. Palabras clave:Administración pública -Organización Política-administrativa -TerritorioEstado siglo XIX. ABSTRACTThis article analyses the process of administrative and territorial organization in Chile from 1818 to 1887. Through the analysis of official documents, such as presidential statements, ministerial reports and budgets as well as legislative debates it explores the design and evolution of regional administrative structures. It concludes that political constraints, a conservative political and economic administration did give shape to the country, but did not give answers to regional power groups thus confirming the rule of a center with almost unlimited power.
The idea of governance has permeated the debates on the state’s transformation at the regional level since the 1990s. However, operationalization difficulties have limited our knowledge of the phenomenon. This article contributes to filling this gap by examining the inter-jurisdictional dimension of regional governance. From a network perspective, the article studies the emergence of inter-municipal networks from different local collaborative mechanisms. Based on the institutional collective action framework, the study analyzes the prevalence of network structures associated with different types of social capital (bonding/bridging) in three inter-municipal networks in the Los Lagos Region in Chile. The application of exponential random graph models (ERGM) revealed evidence supporting the consistent prevalence of bonding in the three networks studied. The findings also showed the networks’ coexistence with structures decentralized in more complex regional networks.
Resumen Desde los noventa, la idea de gobernanza ha permeado los debates acerca de la transformación del Estado a escala regional, sin embargo, las dificultades de su operacionalización han limitado nuestro conocimiento. Este artículo busca contribuir con esta brecha, examinando la dimensión interjurisdiccional de la gobernanza regional. Aplicando la perspectiva de análisis de redes, se estudia la formación de las redes intermunicipales que se configuran a partir de diferentes mecanismos de colaboración. Con base en el marco de acción colectiva institucional, el artículo analiza la prevalencia de estructuras de relacionamiento asociadas a diferentes tipos de capital social (bonding - capital social vínculo ‒ y bridging - capital social puente ‒) en tres redes intermunicipales de la región de Los Lagos, en Chile. Por medio de la aplicación de modelos de grafos aleatorios exponenciales (ERGM), se obtiene evidencia para sustentar la consistente prevalencia de bonding en las tres redes estudiadas y su coexistencia con estructuras descentralizadas en las redes de mayor complejidad regional.
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