bone substitutes, enamel matrix proteins, guided tissue regeneration, periodontal, regeneration, tissue engineering | INTRODUC TI ONThe purpose of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the research carried out in Latin America in the field of periodontal regeneration, focusing mainly on studies using preclinical models (animal models) and randomized controlled clinical trials. It has been organized to reflect the information produced by Latin American research groups, which are accompanied by the appropriate references. The specific questions raised by these groups were explored in each subtopic, based on the results. Therefore, a complete review of this topic is not within the scope of this text as other reviews covering regenerative therapies are available in the literature. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

The partial closure of buccal furcation defects can be achieved after the three tested approaches. However, the combined treatment does not provide a significant benefit when compared to the isolated approaches.

Aim: To compare the salivary proteomic profile of periodontitis-affected (PA) parents and their offspring to periodontally healthy (PH) dyads in the pursuit of possible biomarkers for early diagnosis of this disease.Materials and Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples collected from 17 pairs of PA or PH individuals and their children were submitted to mass spectrometric analyses followed by proteomic analyses. Primary PA fibroblasts were triggered towards having an inflammatory response, and an immunoenzymatic assay of its supernatant was performed to validate the obtained data.Results: ANXA1, KRT4, GSTP1, HPX, A2M and KRT13 were lower in PA parents and their children, and IGHG1, CSTB, KRT9, SMR3B, IGHG4 and SERPINA1 were higher.ANXA1 presented the highest fold change, 7.1 times less produced in children of PA parents, and was selected as a potential biomarker for periodontitis. The in vitro assay also showed lower ANXA1 production by cells of PA patients. Conclusion:Before any clinical sign of periodontal loss, descendants of PA patients have an altered proteomic profile compared to PH individuals, presenting a lower abundance of ANXA1. This protein is suggested as a potential biomarker for periodontitis.