Here, we explore the historical and contemporaneous patterns of connectivity among Encholirium horridum populations located on granitic inselbergs in an Ocbil landscape within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, using both nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. Beyond to assess the E. horridum population genetic structure, we built species distribution models across four periods (current conditions, mid‐Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum [LGM], and Last Interglacial) and inferred putative dispersal corridors using a least‐cost path analysis to elucidate biogeographic patterns. Overall, high and significant genetic divergence was estimated among populations for both nuclear and plastid DNA (ΦST (n) = 0.463 and ΦST (plastid) = 0.961, respectively, p < .001). For nuclear genome, almost total absence of genetic admixture among populations and very low migration rates were evident, corroborating with the very low estimates of immigration and emigration rates observed among E. horridum populations. Based on the cpDNA results, putative dispersal routes in Sugar Loaf Land across cycles of climatic fluctuations in the Quaternary period revealed that the populations’ connectivity changed little during those events. Genetic analyses highlighted the low genetic connectivity and long‐term persistence of populations, and the founder effect and genetic drift seemed to have been very important processes that shaped the current diversity and genetic structure observed in both genomes. The genetic singularity of each population clearly shows the need for in situ conservation of all of them.

Dyckia ibiramensis is a naturally rare, endemic and threatened bromeliad which occurs naturally on 4 km of rocky river outcroppings in Southern Brazil. For this study, subpopulations of the species were characterized based on size and genetics, to compile information for in situ and ex situ conservation strategies. A census of the rosettes was undertaken for each subpopulation and seven allozyme polymorphic loci were used to estimate genetic diversity and structure of adults and offspring and assess the mating system. In general, the subpopulations were small and most of the rosettes were aggregated into clumps. The species showed a high genetic diversity (Ĥ e ¼ 0:219) and significant fixation index (f ¼ 0:642; P B 0.05). The estimate of differentiation among all adult subpopulations indicate pronounced genetic structure (Ĝ 0 ST ¼ 0:674). D. ibiramensis has a mixed mating system and multilocus outcrossing ratest m were variable between subpopulations. This study demonstrates the importance of in situ preservation of all subpopulations for the maintenance of species diversity. For effective ex situ conservation, it would be necessary to collect seeds from 52 to 99 seed-rosettes, depending on the target population.

Encholirium horridum is a bromeliad that occurs exclusively on inselbergs in the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. These rock outcrops form natural islands that isolate populations from each other. We investigated gene flow by pollen through paternity analyses of a bromeliad population in an area of approximately 2 ha in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. To that end, seed rosettes and seedlings were genotyped using nuclear microsatellite loci. A plot was also established from the same population and specimens were genotyped to evaluate their fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) through analyses of spatial autocorrelation and clonal growth. Paternity analysis indicated that 80% of the attributed progenitors of the genotyped seedlings were from inside the study area. The pollen dispersal distances within the area were restricted (mean distance of 45.5 m, varying from 3 to 156 m) and fine-scale SGS was weak (F(ij) = 0.0122, P < 0.001; Sp = 0.009). Clonal growth was found to be a rare event, supporting the monocarpy of this species.

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-(Reproductive biology of the rheophyte Dyckia brevifolia Baker (Bromeliaceae), on the Itajaí-Açu River, Santa Catarina, Brazil). The species Dyckia brevifolia Baker presents disjunctive populations and restricted distribution. Dyckia brevifolia is a policarpic species with clonal propagation. The reproductive biology of this species was studied on the banks of the Itajaí-Açu River, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The fl oral characteristics, the nectar production and the behavior of fl oral visitors were studied. To characterize the reproductive system, fi ve treatments were conducted: agamospermy, spontaneous pollination, self-pollination, cross-pollination and control. Each infl orescence presented 60.4 ± 14.5 fl owers and 58.3 ± 13.3 fruits and the fruit/fl ower ratio was 0.97. The average number of seeds per fruit was 129.6 ± 24.3. The fl owers opened from the base to the apex of the infl orescence and the number of opened fl owers per infl orescence and day was 6.8 ± 1.2. Flower anthesis occurs along the day and the fl ower lasts a day and half. The average volume and concentration of nectar was 30.5 μL and 25.7%, respectively. The main fl oral visitors were bees, hummingbirds and butterfl ies, being the hummingbird Amazilia versicolor Vieillot the main pollinator. This species also was pollinated by bees of the genera Xylocopa and Bombus. Regarding the reproductive system, the results indicate that D. brevifolia is self-compatible and that agamospermy can occur. The self-compatibility presented for this species, as well as the fl oral visitors' behavior indicate that the main pollination forms are self-pollination and geitonogamy.Key words -agamospermy, Bromeliaceae, Dyckia brevifolia, pollination, self-compatibility RESUMO -(Biologia reprodutiva da reófi ta Dyckia brevifolia Baker (Bromeliaceae), no Rio Itajaí-Açu, Santa Catarina, Brasil). A espécie Dyckia brevifolia Baker apresenta populações disjuntas e distribuição restrita. Dyckia brevifolia é uma espécie policárpica com propagação clonal. A biologia reprodutiva desta espécie foi estudada nas margens do Rio Itajaí-Açu, Santa Catarina, Brasil. As características fl orais, a produção de néctar e os visitantes fl orais foram estudados. Para caracterizar o sistema reprodutivo foram conduzidos cinco tratamentos: agamospermia, autopolinização espontânea, autopolinização manual, polinização cruzada e controle. Cada infl orescência apresentou 60,4 ± 14,5 fl ores e 58,3 ± 13,3 frutos e a razão fruto/fl or foi de 0,97. O número médio de sementes por fruto foi de 129,6 ± 24,3. As fl ores abrem da base para o ápice da infl orescência e o número de fl ores abertas por dia por infl orescência foi em média de 6,8 ± 1,2. A antese fl oral ocorre ao longo do dia e a fl or tem duração de um dia e meio. O volume e a concentração médios do néctar foram de 30,5 μL e 25,7%, respectivamente. Os principais visitantes fl orais foram abelhas, beija-fl ores e borboletas, sendo o beija-fl or Amazilia versicolor Vieillot o principal polinizador. Esta espécie também foi polinizad...