The article is devoted to the study of differences in assessment methods of face-to face and online learning of a foreign language in higher education, in particular, the issue of the effectiveness of the assessment techniques used in different formats. Numerous questions that accompanied foreign language online learning in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years, as well as contradictory reviews about the assessment methods of students’ knowledge were the prerequisites of the study. The experience demonstrated that online learning differs significantly from face-to-face learning in a number of requirements for teachers and students. The aim of the study is to modify traditional methods of students’ knowledge evaluation and assessment in the form of credits or examinations towards greater independence and objectivity and achieve the autonomy of the assessment process. We carried a survey of students’ opinions on the effectiveness of the forms of assessment adopted at the higher education. Based on the survey results, recommendations are made for improving methods of students’ knowledge assessment system with respect to the educational format. The conclusions made on the basis of data analysis provide a number of changes in the methods of online assessment both in the educational process at higher education and in staff training programs.

The study is devoted to examine metaphorization as one of the ways of term formation. Metaphor is considered as the main means of linguistic expression of the concept, an integral attribute of professional discourse and one of the ways to create new terms. Metaphors make it easier to perceive the abstract due to their ability to explain a complex vague expression and make it more understandable and clear. The article focuses on metaphors with a color component, which are used as term components for the nomination of economic reality in the financial and economic discourse. The article analyzes three achromatic colors used as color terms: white, black, and gray, examines the specifics of using color metaphors on the example of economic texts published in English-language, Russian-language and French-language media, and concludes that this type of semantic term formation is productive. The article presents definitions of the studied color metaphorical terms and provides examples of their contextual use. Our analysis methodology includes the method of parallel research of metaphors and a definitive and comparative analysis of English, Russian and French color terms. A comparative analysis of the functioning of color terms-metaphors of the financial and economic terminology in three languages showed that the vast majority of metaphors are nominative metaphors. The study allowed us to confirm that the term system of financial and economic vocabulary is closely related to socio-economic reality in society, and the color-coded metaphor terms used in financial and economic discourse represent information in the form of a conceptual model, allowing people to clearly describe economic concepts and transmit information about real events in economic life.

АннотАция Целью настоящего исследования выступает выявление характеристик концептуальных метафор с позитивными и негативными коннотациями на примере событийного концепта «Брексит» (Brexit) в политическом дискурсе Великобритании. Процедура и методы. В состав комплексной методики вошли когнитивно-дискурсивный анализ, контекстуальный анализ, сравнительно-сопоставительный метод. Результаты. По итогам исследования сделан вывод об активном использовании концептуальных метафор политиками для выражения своего отношения к важным социально-политическим событиям государства. Теоретическая значимость заключается в определении подхода к проведению сопоставительного когнитивно-дискурсивного исследования метафор с позитивными и негативными коннотациями как языкового средства, используемого для описания социально значимых политических событий. Практическая значимость выражается в возможности применения результатов в вузовской и послевузовской практике, в научных исследованиях по стилистике, теории дискурса. Ключевые словА Брексит, британская пресса, концептуальная метафора, политический дискурс, положительные и отрицательные коннотации струКтурА Введение Концептуальная метафора в современном политическом дискурсе Великобритании Метафоры с позитивной и негативной коннотациями как средство манипулятивного воздействия адресанта Выводы филологические науки