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Technological advances in genetic improvement, management, health and nutrition have allowed aquaculture activities to attain high levels regarding animal protein, production, and commercialization.The annual growth of this sector and the nutritional quality of meat are factors that make fish increasingly desirable for consumers. Brazil has emerged as a promising global supplier of aquaculture products due to the growing number of high-tech farms and productivity, particularly in the provision of native fish species (Valentin et al., 2021).Several species of fish play an important role in the economies of many countries worldwide. Many of these species are native and regionally adapted but are raised on fish farms and subjected to adaptive conditioning techniques because of their commercial value.In recent years, global production has experienced substantial advances in productivity methods for human consumption of farmed fish (FAO, 2020). Commercialization success is fundamentally based on dietary strategies for growth and weight gain from several formulated and commercially available fish feeds (Li & Robinson, 2015).However, these artificial feed formulations mainly target protein

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Pygocentrus nattereri is a carnivorous fish widely distributed in the Brazilian wetland and occupies different river strata. Based on the sexual maturity, the standard length (SL) has been used to categorize age and physiological attributes. However, hematological parameters and their relationship with age and growth features are unknow. Here, the aim was to evaluate the hematological profile and leukocyte data of juvenile and adult specimens, associating it with SL. Specimens of both sexes were weighted, and SL were measured for classify as juveniles (SL ≤16.0 cm) and adults (SL ≥16.1 cm). Blood was collected to perform the hemogram, for leukocyte quantification and ultrastructural descriptions. In general, hemogram values and leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were high in juveniles. Hemogram variables were negatively correlated with SL. Thrombocyte and neutrophil counts were higher in adults than in juveniles. SL was correlated with leukogram variables. Ultrastructural analysis showed that granular leukocyte count in P. nattereri was similar another fishes. PAS-positive granular leukocytes are slightly smaller than neutrophils and are characterized by dense elongated and semi-lunar shapes in the cytoplasm. Our results suggest that age-based SL may be useful for the analysis of the relationship between P. nattereri health status and wetland aquatic environments.