Cryptanalysis is defined as the process of attempting to find a shortcut method, not envisioned by the designer, for decrypting an enciphered message when the key used to encrypt the message is not known. As an example, this paper cryptanalyzes a simple substitution cipher. The methods of cryptanalysis used are the chosen‐plaintext attack, the known‐plaintext attack, and the ciphertext‐only attack, which are defined and discussed in the paper.

Autonomous vehicles are all but inevitable, and assurance that they will behave safely with respect to passengers, as well as bystanders incidentally exposed to them, is moving forward, albeit slowly. The state of the art often involves stopping the vehicle, perhaps after diverting it to a nearby safe place. While this is good news, it does not fully realize the benefits of autonomy. Autonomous vehicles are built for a purpose; call it a mission. Being able to perform the mission, or part of it, while experiencing faults (or cyber-attack) should be a factor in determining the vehicle's suitability for the mission. This paper explores the state of the art in achieving autonomous mission assurance in the context of autonomous undersea vehicles (AUVs). It identifies gaps in the literature and proposes a novel plan to address certain gaps.

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