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In this review, we present nonlinear optical methods, based on the second and third order nonlinear polarization, especially in the context of material characterization tasks outside the area of life sciences-for which these techniques are mostly designed. An overview of application studies reported to date is given, together with a discussion on the advantages and limits of the individual methods. Furthermore, new ways of experimentally combining different optical concepts are introduced, and their potential for characterisation and inspection tasks is evaluated in the context of various case studies, including the investigation of semiconductor surfaces, metals and related corrosion products, as well as of organic materials.

In this work, three different hot-dip galvanizing alloys ZnAl0.2, ZnAl5, and ZnAl2Mg2 were tested in non-standardized salt spray tests. In those nonstandardized salt spray tests, samples were exposed to different pH values, calcium and magnesium ions. The corrosion products formed on the alloys in different conditions were analyzed with XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the corrosion behavior of the samples was investigated by studying cross-section cuts with SEM. By analyzing the corrosion products formed on different samples a theory about the beneficial effect of magnesium in terms of corrosion behavior was developed.