An olfactometer was constructed for measuring the oviposition responses of female moths of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)) to odors from its hostplant, using the number and location of egg masses to judge the response. This olfactometer seems especially suited to examine the reactions of insects which must fly before they respond to odors. The reaction to the odor from injured plants was of special interest. Whereas the odor from uninjured plants was attractive to moths ready to lay eggs, odor from injured plants was repellent. Observations of flights of moths indicate that the repellent odor from injured plants may cause dispersal flights of adults. Zusammenfassung EIN OLFAKTOMETER ZUR PRÜFUNG DER REAKTIONEN WEIBLICHER MAISZÜNSLER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS Ein Olfaktometer wird beschrieben, das geeignet ist, die Reaktionen weiblicher Maiszünsler auf den Duft ihrer Wirtspflanzen zu messen. Die Reaktion besteht im Absetzen von Eigelegen. Zu ihrer Beurteilung wurde Anzahl und Lokalisation der Gelege benutzt. Die Reaktion konnte so einer Interpretation mit Hilfe statistischer Testverfahren zugeführt werden. Die Versuchsanordnung scheint besonders dazu geeignet, die Reaktionen von Insekten zu prüfen, welche fliegen müssen, um auf Duftquellen reagieren zu können. Von besonderem Interesse war das Verhalten gegenüber dem Geruch verletzter Pflanzen, welcher die Maiszüns‐ler‐Weibchen von der Eiablage abhielt. Umgekehrt war der Duft unverletzter Pflanzen für Falter, die legebereit waren, anziehend. Beobachtung des Fluges der Zünsler weisen darauf hin, daß der abschreckende Duft verletzter Pflanzen Ausbreitungsflüge verursachen kann.

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The authors adapted microtitration techniques to the SOS Chromotest, and thereby established a simple and reliable modified genotoxicity test: the Microtitration SOS Chromotest. This test employs microtitration techniques and photometric analysis with numerical readout. These data are integrated into the computerized data processing program Statistical Analysis System to obtain genotoxicity and toxicity results of a chemical or chemical mixture within 16 h. In order to test the applicability of the new system, the genotoxicity and toxicity of 22 pesticides were studied. A two‐sample t test was employed to determine the level of significance (p < 0.05). Nine of the pesticides were found to induce the SOS response in Escherichia coli cells. Their relative degrees of induction based on SOS inducing potency values are as follows: captafol > captan > folpet > dinoseb > ferbam > linuron > alachlor > phosmet > cacodylic acid. The addition of rat liver S9 mix does not transform the nongenotoxic pesticides tested into genotoxic forms but significantly decreases the inducing ability of most positive pesticides. The Microtitration SOS Chromotest is rapid and efficient in providing evidence for decision‐making related to cleanup of chemical spills and discharges where time is a critical factor. This method maintains its high accuracy and sensitivity compared with conventionally used assays. The studies of pesticide genotoxicity using this test confirm the applicability, reliability, and sensitivity of the Microtitration SOS Chromotest as a simple, efficient, and rapid genotoxicity prescreening system as well as an excellent research tool for genotoxic mechanism studies.

This report presents basic groundwater data collected as part of U.S. Geological Survey (Survey) involvement in the U.S. Department of Energy's Basalt Waste Isolation Project at the Hanford Site, Washington. Fart of the data was gathered in the field by Survey personnel and part was collected from other agencies that normally collect their own information and have no formal process for publishing it. All the data were collected from 1986 to 1989 in the Pasco basin (which includes the Hanford Site) and adjacent areas.