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In this paper the production of whisky tourism at both independently-owned and corporately-owned distilleries in Scotland is explored by focusing on four examples (Arran, Glengoyne, Glenturret and Bruichladdich). In particular, claims of authenticity and Scottishness of Scottish whiskies through commercial materials, case studies, website-forum discussions and 'independent' writing about such whisky are analyzed. It is argued that the globalization and commodification of whisky and whisky tourism, and the communicative backlash to these trends typified by the search for authenticity, is representative of a Habermasian struggle between two irreconcilable rationalities (Habermas, 1981(Habermas, :1984(Habermas, , 1981(Habermas, :1987. This paper will demonstrate that the meaning and purpose of leisure can be understood through such explorations of the tension between the instrumentality of commodification, and the freedom of individuals to locate their own leisure lives in the lifeworld that remains.

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The field of tourism studies is now addressing a range of issues which in part stem from the problems engendered by multidisciplinary approaches and from the post-modernist, post-colonialist, post-structuralist criticisms that its priorities and concepts have been determined by a Western-centric (Euro-American) view of tourism. This introduction provides an overview of papers on a range of tourisms: disaster, halal/Islamic, culinary/gastronomic, luxury, and Royal-sponsored community-based tourism. From this comparative perspective, it is suggested that we engage critically with binary modes of thinking which have sought to distinguish between the West (Euro-American/Occidental), and the East or Orient, and between Western-centred and Eastern-centred perspectives, and between insiders and outsiders. The issue of "emerging tourisms" on which most of the papers in this special issue focus only serves to complicate these matters. How do studies of tourism accommodate novel tourisms? Do we view them as simply variations on a theme to be addressed within existing conceptual frameworks? Is a "mobilities" or an "encounters" approach sufficiently robust and viable to handle apparent touristic innovations and differences? In an Asian and Southeast Asian context does the issue of emerging tourisms require us to re-engage with debates about Orientalism and Western academic hegemony? Keywords: emerging tourisms, multi-disciplinarity, binaries, Orientalism, Occidentalism difficult to determine unified and coherent themes for discussion in the wide range of papers offered but it seems that an introductory deliberation on the