Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen present worldwide that produces a large number of toxic molecules, has a 47.5% mortality rate in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but its prevalence and its contribution to infections in the oral cavity and in the orthodontic area have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: To analyze the current literature on the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in relation to orthodontics, as well as its prevalence, virulence, biofilm and treatment. Methodology: An electronic search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Google scholar and SCOPUS, compiling articles on Staphylococcus aureus published in the last 5 years; the following keywords were used for the search: "Staphylococcus aureus", "prevalence", "virulence", "biofilm", "treatment", "systemic", "oral", "dental", "orthodontics", among others. Results: A prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus of 90.9% was found on the surface of removable orthodontic appliances. The common virulence factor presents in systemic, oral cavity and proposed orthodontic-related infections is enterotoxins. Adhesion and biofilm formation on the arch wires can be a source of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. The use of 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse is recommended before performing any treatment in oral cavity. Conclusions: It is of utmost importance to inform patients undergoing orthodontic treatment of the risks that can occur if daily removal of the oral micro biota and cleaning of removable appliances before placing them in the mouth is not carried out.

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Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) levels progressively increase in quantity and quality in the course of orthodontic treatment posing a risk to periodontal health. Objective:To analyze the existing literature on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention of Porphyromonas gingivalis from a systemic, oral and orthodontic point of view. Methodology: A literature review was carried out by searching databases using the keywords: "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "prevalence", "orthodontics", "treatment", "prevention", "diagnosis", "levels", "systemic", "treatment" and "periodontitis". Results: There is a 68.2% prevalence of Pg in periodontal pockets which increases during orthodontic treatment. Its main clinical manifestations in orthodontic treatment are increased depth and bleeding on probing, decreased level of clinical attachment and increased gingival and periodontal index. Pg is detected by measuring salivary MMP-9 levels by ELISA and intraoral clinical examination. Treatment for Pg infection includes mechanical therapy and adjuvant therapies such as the use of amoxicillin and metronidazole, chitosan and azithromycin or azithromycin alone. Toothbrushing and interproximal cleaning are the cornerstones of preventing the occurrence of Pg during orthodontic treatment, in conjunction with oral and periodontal hygiene education. Conclusion: Pg levels increase during orthodontic treatment, which implies a risk for the development of periodontitis during and after treatment, its prevention is important at all stages of treatment.

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