SUMMARY -Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal CD20 antibody used in the treatment of CD20 positive non-Hodgkin lymphomas and has revolutionized treatment approach to these hematologic malignancies in the last decade. Th e main aim of this review is to present data on the use of rituximab in the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL). We will focus on rituximab maintenance strategies in the fi rst and second line treatment. Th is approach has improved the outcome in FL patients with better progression-free survival in all patients and better overall survival in relapsed setting. Regardless of good results, this strategy has generated controversies in medical community in the range from the lack of overall survival benefi t in fi rst line setting, adverse eff ects of possible overtreatment and toxicities to its unknown role in the era of novel agents. Th e existing data suggest that rituximab maintenance should be a rational therapeutic option for all patients with FL responding to fi rst line therapy and transplant-ineligible patients responding to reinduction.