The drug resistant tuberculosis has emerged as an important public health problem. Some epidemiological factors are known to influence the emergence multi drug resistant tuberculosis. This study was undertaken to study the epidemiological factors and clinical factors in emergence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis.A cases control study was undertaken in the department of Chest and tuberculosis of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 30 cases confirmed as Multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients constituted the cases. About 60 age and sex matched controls were taken in to the study. A detailed history was taken with the help of a standardised proforma for both cases and controls.Most of the multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases belonged to earning age group and males outnumbered females. Cough was the common symptom in cases followed by shortness of breath, expectoration, fever, haemoptysis, chest pain and wheezing. Controls had symptoms in lesser extent than cases in this study. The diabetes mellitus and HIV were the common comorbidities among the cases. About 50% of the cases were former smokers and 40% were alcoholics and 16.7% were tobacco chewers in this study. The treatment was regular in 30% and missed doses were more than 40 in 46.3% of the cases. About 60% of the cases were compliant with the drugs.This study had shown that, epidemiological factors play key role in emergence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis and early screening can help in prevention of emergence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis.

Background: HIV/AIDS is an important public health problem which may also result in respiratory manifestations. The common respiratory manifestations include tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, PCP and others. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in order to study the respiratory manifestations of the HIV/AIDS. A total of 80 patients attending Chest and TB OPD of Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital were studied in detail about the respiratory manifestations. A thorough clinical history and physical examination was conducted on all the patients including laboratory and radiological investigations. Results: Almost half of the cases were aged between 21 -30 years and males outnumbered females in this study. Tuberculosis, non-tubercular pneumonitis and Kaposi sarcoma of the lungs was common in patients with CD4 counts of less than 250. The patients with CD4 counts of more than 250 had bacterial pneumonia, pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia, Cryptococcus pneumonia. Streptcoccus pneumonia in patients with CD4 counts less than 250 and Staph aureus was the common agent in patients with CD4 count of more than 250. Conclusion: Prompt recognition of manifestations of chest and prompt treatment in HIV/AIDS patients improves the prognosis of the disease.

The drug resistant tuberculosis has emerged as an important public health problem. Some epidemiological factors are known to influence the emergence multi drug resistant tuberculosis. This study was undertaken to study the epidemiological factors and clinical factors in emergence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis.A cases control study was undertaken in the department of Chest and tuberculosis of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 30 cases confirmed as Multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients constituted the cases. About 60 age and sex matched controls were taken in to the study. A detailed history was taken with the help of a standardised proforma for both cases and controls.Most of the multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases belonged to earning age group and males outnumbered females. Cough was the common symptom in cases followed by shortness of breath, expectoration, fever, haemoptysis, chest pain and wheezing. Controls had symptoms in lesser extent than cases in this study. The diabetes mellitus and HIV were the common comorbidities among the cases. About 50% of the cases were former smokers and 40% were alcoholics and 16.7% were tobacco chewers in this study. The treatment was regular in 30% and missed doses were more than 40 in 46.3% of the cases. About 60% of the cases were compliant with the drugs.This study had shown that, epidemiological factors play key role in emergence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis and early screening can help in prevention of emergence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis.

The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is quite challenging. The national tuberculosis programs are shifting the trend to adopt daily regimen than the intermittent regimen. Hence, this study was undertaken to study the effectiveness and adverse drug reactions of the daily and intermittent regimens.A retrospective study was conducted in the department of Chest and TB in Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga and District Tuberculosis Centre, Chitradurga, India. About 55 patients on daily regimen and 50 patients on intermittent regimen constituted the study sample. The details regarding the age, sex, initiation and termination of the treatment, outcome and adverse drug reactions were collected using a predesigned proforma.Majority of the patients in daily regimen were 56 – 65 years and intermittent regimen was aged between 26 – 35 years. More number of the cases in both the regimen were males. Vomiting was the main adverse drug reaction in patients on daily regimen and Abdominal pain in intermittent regimen. About 54.5% of the patients on daily regimen and 62% on intermittent regimen were cured. The death and defaulter rate was higher in patients on intermittent regimen.Even though the cure rate is good in intermittent regimen, the adverse reactions are quite high in this study.