Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. With due attention to rapid progress in the phytochemical study of plants, they are becoming popular because of their anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective medicinal plants in the treatment of cancer and study their mechanism of action. In order to gather information the keywords “traditional medicine,” “plant compounds,” “medicinal plant,” “medicinal herb,” “toxicity,” “anticancer effect,” “cell line,” and “treatment” were searched in international databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus and national databases such as Magiran, Sid, and Iranmedex, and a total of 228 articles were collected. In this phase, 49 nonrelevant articles were excluded. Enhancement P53 protein expression, reducing the expression of proteins P27, P21, NFκB expression and induction of apoptosis, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and reduction of the level of acid phosphatase and lipid peroxidation are the most effective mechanisms of herbal plants that can inhibit cell cycle and proliferation. Common treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause some complications. According to results of this study, herbal extracts have antioxidant compounds that can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation by the investigated mechanisms.

Objectives:Primary dysmenorrhea is a painful uterine contraction caused by endometrial laceration. Drug therapies and complementary medicine have been used to treat dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate and offer an updated perspective on the treatments for dysmenorrhea.Methods:The present study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The required information was collected based on searches for the following keywords: treatment, primary dysmenorrhea, medicinal plants, chemical drugs, and herbs. Searches were performed on databases Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Iran medex, and SID by March 2018 to find literature in the English and Persian languages on this subject without a time limit.Results:This review included 17 papers, 10 of which on complementary medicine, three on drug therapies, and four on acupuncture and acupressure. The largest and smallest samples had 303 and 24 patients, respectively. Length of treatment ranged from one to six months and the measures most commonly used in the studies were the visual analogue scale and clinical efficacy. Reported complications included gastrointestinal events, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and liver and kidney disorders.Conclusion:Medicinal plants, drugs, and acupressure seem to suppress pain by reducing the level of prostaglandins, mediating nitric oxide, increasing beta-endorphin levels, blocking the calcium channel, and enhancing circulatory flow through the uterine pathway. Further trials are required to confirm the benefits of the procedures described and ensure the absence of complications.

The emergence of mental health problems during a pandemic is a major concern of healthcare systems. This cross-sectional, analytical study was performed on 1072 patients with COVID-19 disease without pre-existing mental disorders in Kurdistan Province in 2020 to obtain the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress using a valid, standard electronic depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted in SPSS Version 23 using logistic regression modeling. The mean age of the participants was 31.91 ± 10.28 years and 543 subjects (50.7%) were female. The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression was 51.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.7–54.7), 64.3% (95% CI: 61.3–67.1), 61.4% (95% CI: 58.4–64.2), respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was higher in the employees and retirees compared to the unemployed and homemakers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of stress (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, P = 0.01) and depression (OR: 1.3, P = 0.04) in patients who undertook severe protection measures was significantly higher than those who used lower. The patients with COVID-19 experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, it is essential to provide psychological and psychiatric services to these patients electronically or face to face at health centers.

Today, mobile phones play a key role in the communication of different countries and it provides a wide range of possibilities for its users [1]. China's mobile usage as the world's most populous country in 2016 reached over 695 million users, representing 10% annual growth [2]. Overuse of cell phones, like any other technology-related phenomenon, also has its disadvantages [3]. Many researchers believe that overuse of the cell phone in the minds and nerves of users causes a form of addiction that is just as destructive as drug addiction, alcohol, eating much, computer games and the Internet [4]. Mobile phone addiction is a widespread problem among adults around the world [5]. Addiction to his cell phone shows up while doing other things including study, driving, cycling and even sleeping [6]. International research shows that about 6% of mobile phone users are addicted to it [7]. In Iran, the prevalence of mobile phone addiction has been relatively high, for example, Background and Purpose: Overuse of the mobile phone, like any phenomenon related to other technologies, also has its disadvantages and Causes personal, social, and psychological problems such as depression, hopelessness, anxiety, stress, sleep disorders, and social isolation. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Statistical population included high school students in Divandareh city (Kurdistan Province, Iran) and sample size according to Cochran formula was estimated 384 students. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and a standard mobile addiction questionnaire, Beck Depression and Beck Hopelessness Questionnaire. Data was entered into SPSS-21 software and analyzed by t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Findings: In the present study, out of 370 high school students in Divandareh city, 54% (198 students) were boys and 46% (172 students) were girls. According to the chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between depression and hopelessness with mobile phone addiction (P<0.001). There was also a significant relationship between sex and mobile phone addiction (P=0.004). On the other hand, according to ANOVA test, no significant relationship was found between age and mobile phone addiction (P=0.601). Conclusion: The results of this study show that traumatic and excessive use of mobile phones is a potential risk factor for mental disorders in students and such disorders are in turn an effective factor in decreasing students' academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression and hopelessness and its prevalence among high school students in Divandareh city.

Background and Objectives: Candida albicans (C. albicans) as an opportunistic pathogen, can causes cutaneous and mucosal infections. Antibiotic treatments for this fungus have multiple adverse effects and cause drug resistance. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Artemisia sieberi (A. sieberi), was investigated on growth of Candida albicans. Methods:In this experimental study, aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from A. sieberi using percolation method. Using disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), were assessed to evaluate the antifungal effects of these extracts on C. albicans in vitro.Results: C. albicans, was resistant to hydroalcoholic extracts in the disk diffusion method and grew around the disks containing the extracts. The MIC of aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts, were determined to be 6250, 3125, and 6250µg/ml, respectively, and MFC of these three extracts, were determined 12500, 6250, and 12500µg/ml, respectively. In the MIC and MFC method, ethanolic extracts had higher antifungal activity. Conclusion:According to the results of this study, different extracts of A. sieberi affect C. albicans growth and prevent its growth. Thus, more examinations are needed to survey the composition of this plant and more extensive use in human domains.