The general objective of this paper is to present and discuss the factors that need to be taken into account to ensure that the development and management of religious tourism at rural sites was sustainable from an economic, environmental and socio-cultural point of view. Among other issues, sustainable religious tourism means accessibility to the sanctuaries, protection of cultural and heritage values of the local community, benefits for the local residents and meaningful experience for visitors. Authors were especially interested in the less popular, more remotely located holy sites in Mazovia Region (Poland) and two concerns: readiness to respond the needs of persons with different disabilities and local community opinion on tourists. As was documented by our research outcomes despite the recent numerous improvements, the most popular rural sanctuaries in Mazovia Region, remain only partially accessible for persons with disabilities. As masses of pilgrims have a significant effect on wellbeing and everyday life quality of residents (contributing both to positive and to negative effects), those who accept that tourists are important for economic development, benefit from it, creating ‘smart host area’. These rural communities which are not knowledgeable about positive impacts – see only negative consequences.

Poznanie społecznych i przestrzennych uwarunkowań zrównoważonego rozwoju turystyki kulturowo – religijnej wydaje się problemem ważnym, ponieważ zainteresowanie tą formą w Polsce nie słabnie. Wśród nich jest wiele osób z niepełnosprawnością, starszych, rodzin z małymi dziećmi. Problematyka dostępności sanktuariów dla niepełnosprawnych nie była dotąd materiałem szerszych i pogłębionych studiów naukowych w Polsce, co zachęca do podjęcia rozważań nad tą problematyką. Szczegółowa analiza problemu możliwości znoszenia barier dostępności sanktuariów wydawała się autorom szczególnie istotna w kontekście spodziewanego ruchu pielgrzymkowego w Polsce w roku 2016 z okazji Światowych Dni Młodzieży. Jednym z założonych i osiągniętych efektów aplikacyjnych dorobku badań jest opracowanie ‘Karty Sanktuarium Dostępnego’(KSD), pomocnego przy ocenie dostępności miejsc kultu religijnego dla osób z różnego rodzaju niepełnosprawnością. W przedstawionym tekście zaprezentowano dorobek badań ds.-144 oraz ds.-245 AWF Warszawa (granty Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego na lata 2014 – 2018).

Abstr actToday we can observe an increasing popularity of short-term pilgrimage visits, religious excursions to the urban sacred centres. On the example of St. Stanislaus Kostka Church in Warsaw, we intended to study the impact that tourism is having on the nearby housing estate and local community (Żoliborz Borough, Warsaw). The basic issue of our study (conducted in the Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, AWF University Warsaw: 2014-2016) was to seek the answer for the following questions: the number of visitors, how much income they inject into the local economy, the number of jobs created, the impact of tourism on the image of the city, the local community's approach to tourists as "strangers", and also the visitor comments on amenities and infrastructure. To examine urban tourism from the local community perspective and to obtain primary data, we have undertaken the explanatory research (based on observation and social survey work as a basis to explain a phenomenon) and evaluative research (policy of St. Stanislaus Kostka Church and local authorities decision-making grounds associated with the pilgrimage tourism process. We also used statistic information (as secondary data). Social-science perspectives and spatial studies showed that shared space (tourists, local community) creates some conflicts, such as problems with parking space, overcrowded local shops, and much higher prices than in shops located in the nearby districts. On the other hand, local community is clearly proud of such an important holy site. It would seem that more attention should be paid to the negative consequences of visitor's presence and that it is necessary to identify in future local plans more carefully several issues connected with tourist presence. #0# 94Economic Problems of Tourism 4/2017 (40) Anna Pawlikowska Piechotka, Anna Ostrowska-Tryzno, Karolina Gołębieska IntroductionTourism is now one of major areas of academic concern, recognised as significant because of the enormous impact it has on the local community lives and on places in which they live (Hall, 2000;Korstanje, 2011). Most of tourism studies have been restricted to economic analysis and benefits occurring to the area (Inskeep, 1991; Law, 2001). However recently, concern has been aired on the existence of negative impacts, especially resented by local community (Archer, 2005;Kowalczyk 2010; Kurek 2013;Selby, 2004;Timothy, 2003). Although it seems that the religious tourism impact could be only positive, as responding to spiritual needs, connected with sacred motivations and having several thousand years' worth of history -care must be taken to monitor the scale and nature of development, before destinations become irrevocably damaged (Smith, 2003). Religious tourism, as other tourism segments, must be connected with issues of sustainable development (Kapera, 2011;Kazimierczak 2012;Kowalski, 2011;Panasiuk, 2011, Mikos von Rohrsheidt, 2011Rotherham, 2009;Swatos, 2002). This paper offers insight into very special tourist attraction, which is urban sanctuary. Warsaw ha...

The history of the Joseph Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw has had its beginnings only ten years after the end of the First World War. Historically, it was a time of the establishing the Second Polish Republic, as a result of the Versailles Treaty (1918). It was not a periodconducive to such ambitious investments, but after regaining independence, there was de-termination to resurrect in a free country –at all costs –the cultural life, education and sport, in aim to bring up the young generation in accordance with the latest European principles.The year 2019 was a special year, due to the 90th anniversary of the establishment of the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. In the years 1929–2019, the walls of the university left more than 50,000 graduates, numerous doctors and habilitated doctors were pro-moted, and serious research and development potential was built. Currently, at the five faculties, study about 4,557 students. All graduates are highly qualified to meet the needs of the 21st century society: they are employed as teachers, trainers, instructors, physiotherapists, nurses, cosmetolo-gists and occupational therapy specialists -they are highly appreciated in Poland and other countries in Europe. On the occasion of the Jubilee, numerous scientific conferences, symposia, publications, exhibitions, sporting and cultural events were organized, for highlighting the tradition and summa-rizing the achievements of the Joseph Pilsudski University of Physical Education.

Getting to know the social and spatial conditions of the sustainable development of cultural and religious tourism seems to be an important and timeless problem, because the interest in this form of travel in Poland is not waning. Among tourists – pilgrims there are many people with different disabilities, the elderly and families with young children. However important, the issue of the accessibility of sanctuaries for these groups of tourists has not been the material of a broader and in-depth scientific study in Poland so far, which encourages us to consider these issues in our scientific research. A detailed analysis of the problem, focused on the possibility of removing technical, architectural and spatial barriers in the sanctuaries and in the surroundings of holy sites, seemed to the authors of particular importance in the context of the expected pilgrimage movement in Poland in 2016, in which year the international World Youth Day was organized. One of the assumed and achieved application effects of the research study was the development of the ‘Accessible Sanctuary Card’ (ASC), helpful for the practical assessment of the accessibility of places of religious worship for people with various types of disabilities. The presented paper contains the research final conclusions of the project No. 245 AWF Warsaw (grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education undertaken in 2014–2018.