Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as a non-melanoma skin cancer type is the most common malignant tumor throughout the world. The incidence is higher in age over 60. The intense of exposure to ultraviolet radiation is one of the known risk factors. Over 50% of BCC of the periocular region initially occur on the lower lid and inner angle. Literature review of treatment options for basal cell carcinoma, which consist of surgery, or combined techniques plus vismodegib, radiotherapy and imiquimod. The first consideration for treatment of periocular BCC is radical surgical excision using Mohs micrographic technique. Functional and esthetic outcome in patients are important after clear excisions and reconstruction should be carefully considered. Radical exenteration is considered in the case of orbital invasion of high-risk aggressive BCC.

This paper presents the long-term results of single dose stereotactic radiosurgery for intraocular uveal malignant melanoma, and summarizes the results of the retrospective study in 170 Slovak patients. A group of uveal melanoma patients (149 choroidal melanoma, 21 ciliary body melanoma) from 20 to 92 years of age with 59 year median were treated in 2001-2016. There were 81males (47.7%) and 89 females 89 (52.3%). The median overall follow-up time was three years. The median tumor volume at baseline was 0.5 cm3 (ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 cm3). The therapeutic dose was 35.0 Gy by 99% of dose volume histogram. The survival after single dose stereotactic radiosurgery was 96% in one year, 93% in two years, 84% in five years, 80% in seven years and 52% in eleven years. Secondary enucleation was necessary for 22 patients because of secondary glaucoma complication. The enucleation free interval ranged from one to six years. The survival rates in five year intervals and necessity of secondary enucleation due to complications after single dose stereotactic radiosurgery is comparable to other techniques.

Etiológia vzniku papilómov je multifaktoriálna. Existuje silná asociácia medzi ľudským papilomavírusom (HPV) a vývojom týchto spojovkových lézií. HPV je tumorogénny a bežne produkuje benígne nádory s nízkym potenciálom malígneho zvratu. Papilómy zriedkavo môžu prechádzať malígnou transformáciou. MATERIÁL A METODIKA Retrospektívna štúdia pacientov s diagnózou spojovkového papilómu alebo skvamocelulárneho karcinómu spojovky. VÝSLEDKY V súbore 125 pacientov v období rokov 2007-2017 sme u spojovkových nepigmentovaných nádorov u 119 (95,2%) potvrdili histologickým vyšetrením papilóm a u 6 (4,8%) pacientov karcinóm. Z celkového počtu pacientov bolo 39 žien (31,2%) a 86 mužov (68,8%). Priemerný vek pacientov bol 68,4 rokov (rozsah 20-94 rokov). Lokalizácia lézií: bulbárna spojovka u 65 (52,0%), horná mihalnica tarzálna spojovka + fornix u 6 (4,8%), dolná mihalnica + fornix u 27 (21,6%), karunkula u 20 (16,0%) a plika semilunaris u 7 (5,6%) pacientov. V súbore pacientov sme zaznamenali 2 papilómy, ktoré sa transformovali do skamocelulárneho karcinómu. U pacientov bola HPV16 pozitivita, karcinómy vychádzali z oblasti bulbárnej spojovky, chirurgické riešenie bolo spojené s peroperačnou aplikáciou Mitomycínu C. V jednom prípade sa invertovaný papilóm do 2 rokov od primárnej excízie rozvinul do orbitálneho karcinómu a pacient následne absolvoval radikálne chirurgické riešenie (parciálna exenterácia očnice) s následnou rádioterapiou. ZÁVER Transformácia papilómu na karcinóm je zriedkavá, ale vždy na ňu treba myslieť pri recidíve ochorenia. HPV môže infikovať spojovku. Oftalmológ v spolupráci s patológom môže odporučiť vhodné laboratórne vyšetrenia na potvrdenie diagnózy. Ambulantné sledovanie pacientov po excízii papilómu spojovky je potrebné aj dlhodobe.

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Purpose: Amblyopia is one of the most common childhood disease. The average prevalence of amblyopia in children is estimated at 2-5 %. It arises during the child development until the age of six, if not treated then, it persist throught adulthood. The aim of our work is to retrospectively analyze the results of treatment of anisometropic amblyopia using dichoptical training in virtual reality in adult amblyopic patients. Materials and Methods: Our group consisted of 84 amblyopic patients with anisometropic amblyopia with an average age of 33.8 ± 9.4 years. Patients played a video game twice a week in the Oculus Rift 3D virtual reality. Together they completed 8 visual trainings, with one training lasting 60 minutes. Before and after the training we evaluated the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Discussion: Throughout the group, we observed an improvement of 0.1 BCVA from 0.48 to 0.58 Sloan table (p <0.05). 17% of patients before training and 31% after visual training reached BCVA better or equal to 0.9. The overall response rate was 56% in adult patients (n = 47). Conclusion: Our results suggest that a certain degree of residual neuro-plasticity in the visual cortex can be revealed in the adult brain, thereby improve visual acuity in adult amblyopic patients.