About 70% of early breast cancer cases axillary lymph nodes are intact and surgical axillary intervention is unnecessary. There is an ongoing search for non-invasive methods to evaluate the status of axillary lymph nodes in order to prevent Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND) or Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB). Patients with normal axillary physical exam and ultrasound rarely harbor a large nodal disease burden (pN2). There are studies suggesting that the Preoperative Axillary Ultrasound (PAUS) can replace SLNB when the axillary surgery is no longer curative and only biomarkers are important for adjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of the ultrasound examination in detecting more than three metastatic axillary lymph nodes (pN2) and to assess the clinicopathological factors that lead to the truenegative and false-negative results of the ultrasound study. All patients underwent the PAUS as part of their staging. The nodal status assessed by PAUS was compared with histological findings. Determining pN2, the accuracy of PAUS was 91.2% and the NPV -96.5%. False-negative results of PAUS were 18.7 %. On bivariate analysis, primary Tumor Size (T), the tumor spreading in blood and Lymphatic Vessels (LV), Tumor Grade (G) and patient age were found to be significantly different between true-and false-negative PAUS. We found that PAUS is sufficiently accurate to detect a heavy nodal disease burden and in most cases an additional axillary surgery can be avoided. PAUS findings may be less accurate in young age and in patients with T2, G3 and LV1.

The aim of the study was to estimate destruction effect to different heart structures using laser methodology in animal (pig) model. Ablation procedure was performed on right and left pulmonary veins area inserting electrode through a. femoralis or incision in right/left auricle. The effects of ablation were observed visually and temperature controlled by thermography camera P640 (FLIR Systems, USA). Using standard recommended parameters 40W/180 sec and 35W/120 sec evoked quick critical scar formation. Temperature in cardiac surface differs from 34.5 till 70.2 º C and directly depends from electrode compression level and energy power. Optimal detected ablation parameters -20-30W/120 sec. BackgroundRecently most of the cardiac rhythm disorders are corrected by transvenous way, using radiofrequency, microwave, laser energies or cryoablation. In over then 20 years of clinical experience, catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been standard and mostly developed approach. Unfortunately, despite of increased experience and using modern RFA technologies short-and long-range postoperative complications and relapses fluctuate from 0,5 to 14 percent

Įsijautrinimas alergenams šiuo metu diagnozuojamas vis daugiau mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų. Iš visų žinomų rizikos veiksnių ankstyvąja alergenų, ypač karvės pieno baltymų, predispozicija kūdikystėje yra reikšmingiausias rizikos veiksnys alerginių ligų patogenezėje. Tais atvejais, kai kūdikiui yra padidėjusi alergijos rizika, tačiau dar nėra alergijos simptomų ir kūdikis negali būti maitinamas krūtimi, siūloma žindymą pakeisti baltymų hidrolizato mišiniu. Vienos iš didžiausios imties, GINI studijos duomenimis, didelės alergijos rizikos kūdikių mitybai vartojant pilnai hidrolizuotą kazeino mišinį arba dalinai hidrolizuotą išrūgų mišinį, sumažėja astmos ir alerginio rinito rizika vaikystėje.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide health threat. The Pyramids of Egypt are one of the world's most amazing achievements. Thereby, the present study aims to investigate the ameliorative efficacy of housing Unilateral Nephrectomized (UNx) rats inside model of the great Egyptian pyramid.Results: Housing UNx rats for 24 and 48h inside the Egyptian pyramid model induced significant increase in the weight of the right kidney, serum sodium and calcium levels and potassium ions excretion in urine. Creatinine clearance increased significantly after housing UNx rats inside the Egyptian pyramid model following 48 h. However, housing of rats inside the Egyptian pyramids for 24 and 48h ameliorate kidney function markers (proteinuria, urea and uric acid) and restore their levels towards the control values. In addition, levels of the reinin, angiotensin and aldosterone hormones significantly increased after housing UNx rats inside the Egyptian pyramid for 24 and 48h. Conclusion:The present study showed that housing nephrectomized rats inside model of the Egyptian pyramid may be a potential new strategy prevents CKD following renal tumour resection. Also, the current study suggested that pyramid environment plays an important role in ameliorating the serious effects of nephrectomy by enhancing kidney function.

The case report presents a child with Treacher Collins syndrome whose ocular surface was abnormal and accompanied binocular amblyopia, but ophthalmic examinations revealed there were no abnormalities in the fundus surprisingly. This case suggested us that Treacher Collins syndrome may only cause ocluar surface malformations but has no effect on the fundus.