Background: Liver Transplantation (LT) is a standard treatment option for End-stage Liver Disease (ESLD). However, Post liver transplant infections remains a major concern. This study aimed to identify the most common microorganisms that cause such infections in a tertiary care Hospital. A total of 30 pa Methods: tients who had undergone LT during the period (2016-2017) was observed. The pre-transplant and post-transplant clinical samples were analysed for the presence of infectious organisms. Additionally, complete blood investigations along with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) were performed to estimate the levels of immunemodulatory agents. The recipients did not have any infections at the time of t Results: ransplant and were followed-up for infections following LT. Bacterial infections such as Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (8; 26.6%), bacterial-pneumonia (4; 13.3%), surgical site infections (SSI) (4; 13.3%), and Central-venous-catheter related blood stream infections (8; 26.6%) was observed. The common gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and gram-positive organism such as Enterococcus species and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were observed in postoperative period. Moreover, 4 patients were found to have UTI and SSI caused by fungal species such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus species respectively. Viral infection was observed in two patients, which was due to Epstein-Barr virus, a common virus associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Acute graft rejection (6; 20%) was observed and they were treated with high doses of intravenous corticosteroids. Infections after LT is t Conclusion: he major cause of morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of the common causative infectious organisms and early initiation of therapy may improve the survival rate of recipients.

Dissemination of multidrug resistant organisms including Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms (CRO) in Hospitals is of global concern. Such nosocomial infections are more common during surgical procedures involving prolonged post-operative care and Hospital stay. Treatment options include administration of prophylactic antibiotics, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, long-term administration of these antibiotics leads to an increase in the incidence of multidrug resistant organisms in Hospital sectors. To evaluate early detection of carbapenemase producing organisms from the clinical isolates of postoperative patients by carba NP test. The study was conducted at the diagnostic laboratory in clinical samples obtained from hospitalized patients. A total of 716 clinical samples were tested by employing basic microbiological and biochemical testing methods and the isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were then confirmed by E-test (imipenem, meropenem) and also via carba NP test.In a total of 716 samples, 257 tested positive for various microorganisms, of which 230 gram-negative bacilli were identified. Amongst them, 93 isolates were identified as resistant to carbapenem by disc diffusion method of which 50 isolates were tested for carbapenemase production. Within the 50 isolates, 47 isolates were resistant to E-test meropenem and 40 isolates were resistant to imipenem. Of note, 35 out of the 50 CROs were identified as carbapenemase producers. Our results show that Carba NP test is a simple method that can be employed routinely for early detection of carbapenemase mediated CROs thus reducing the spread of resistant strains in Hospitals.