Aim The main objective of any orthodontic treatment is to achieve well-established stable occlusal relationship with a definite positive change in facial profile. The purpose of this study was to determine, if such a goal is achievable for patients who could be classified as borderline surgical cases without the invasive use of the actual surgery or, with the use of the recently developed and rapidly spreading fixed functional appliance system (Forsus) and a comparison of the esthetic treatment outcome with the two systems. Materials and methods Twelve postadolescent borderline skeletal class II patients with a deficient mandible. All the patients used in the study were treated by a preadjusted edgewise appliance for presurgical decompensation with or without extractions and for postsurgical finishing and detailing. Out of the 12 patients six were treated with bilateral saggital split osteotomy (BSSO) and six were treated with fixed functional appliance (Forsus). Results The results suggested that although surgical patients had a better mandibular advancement, profile reduction, and marked improvements in soft tissue structures, the patients who had undergone fixed functional therapy also had comparable improvement in the above aspects. In the maxilla there was no change in cases treated with surgery but in case of Forsus some retraction of anterior dental segment was evident. Conclusion In surgical group, class II malocclusion correction was more skeletal than dental, whereas in functional group class II malocclusion correction was more dental than skeletal. Clinical significance Looking at the common surgical risks, cost-effective and postsurgical problems and patients with borderline class II malocclusion, fixed functional therapy is a valuable adjunct in the management of class II malocclusion. How to cite this article Kabbur KJ, Hemanth M, Patil GS, Sathyadeep V, Shamnur N, Harieesha KB, Praveen GR. An Esthetic Treatment Outcome of Orthognathic Surgery and Dentofacial Orthopedics in Class II Treatment: A Cephalometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):602-606.

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Background: Optimal orthodontic forces are those which stimulate tooth movement with minimal biological trauma to the tooth, periodontal ligament (PDL) during and alveolar bone. Among various types of tooth movements, extrusion and rotational movements are seen to be associated with the least amount of root resorption and have not been studied in detail. The mechanical behavior of the PDL is known to be nonlinear elastic and thus a nonlinear simulation of the PDL provides precision to the calculated stress values. Therefore in this study, the stress patterns in the PDL were evaluated with extrusion and rotational movements using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM). Materials and methods:A three-dimensional (3D) FEM model of the maxillary incisors was generated using SOLIDWORKS modelling software. Stresses in the PDL were evaluated with extrusive and rotational movements by a 3D FEM using ANSYS software with nonlinear material properties.Results: It was observed that with the application of extrusive load, the tensile stresses were seen at the apex whereas the compressive stress was distributed at the cervical margin. With the application of rotational movements, maximum compressive stress was distributed at the apex and cervical third whereas the tensile stress was distributed on cervical third of the PDL on the lingual surface. Conclusion:For rotational and extrusion movements, stress values over the periodontal ligament was within the range of optimal stress value as proposed by Lee, with a given force system by Proffit as optimum forces for orthodontic tooth movement using nonlinear properties. During rotation there are stresses concentrated at the apex, hence due to the concentration of the compressive forces at the apex a clinician must avoid placing heavy stresses during tooth movement.

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The aim of this prospective split-mouth clinical study is to determine the apical root resorption of anterior teeth in patients with two different methods of corticotomy namely indentation and vertical corticotomy techniques. MethodsSixteen adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion requiring the need for extraction of the first premolars were included in the study. For each patient, the particular method of corticotomy technique was assigned randomly along with the side and the procedure was performed following which retraction forces were applied with the help of a closed coil Niti spring. The root resorption was recorded during the stage of space closure for which two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken, one before the retraction forces could be applied (T1) and one CBCT (T2) after the space closure had occurred. The apical root resorption was assessed and analyzed both linearly and volumetrically using the CBCT taken at T1 and T2. ResultsThere was root resorption present after the space closure was complete in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The amount of root resorption that occurred in the indentation technique was slightly lesser as compared to the vertical corticotomy technique. ConclusionIndentation corticotomy cuts for accelerated tooth movement are considered to be a much safer, more effective method, lesser invasive to the surrounding tissues, technique sensitive, and good regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP), with a Rapid healing process compared to the vertical corticotomy technique.