No abstract

Electrooculography (EOG) is a technique that involves the measurement of the corneo-retinal standing potential of the eye. The human eye acts as a dipole between the cornea (positive potential) and the retina (negative potential), creating an electric field around the eyeball. The resulting electric signal obtained from this field is called electrooculogram. These signals, generated by eye movements, could be measured by employing different electrode placement configurations for the acquisition. The properties of these signals change depending on the number and placement of the electrodes. The study conducted here describes EOG signal acquisition using new electrode placement configurations that employ fewer facial electrodes placed on the patient. Three pre-gelled disposable electrodes were utilized for this purpose. Only one electrode was placed on a facial location, enhancing patient comfort during the acquisition procedure. To support this study, a lowcost signal acquisition hardware was developed. Using active filtering and amplification, appropriate signal processing techniques were executed upon the horizontal EOG signal acquired to reduce noise and interference due to external conditions. Hence, this paper presents the findings of new electrode placement sites for the acquisition of EOG signals which could be used for assistive device applications while restricting the number of facial electrodes to one. Most of the studies regarding the EOG signal acquisition had been using all electrodes in the face region. In contrast, we reduced the number of electrodes in the face region, thereby providing patient comfort. The comparison was made mainly on the acquired data from these new locations to discover the configuration with the optimal signal response using data obtainedfrom seven healthy subjects. The amplitude values were being compared from the new locations with the standard acquisition sites. The findings of this study were found to have a productive result. The total gain of the system required for new electrode placement configurations was two times more than the total gain required for standard acquisition sites, and also, the amplitude was less but can be helpful for assistive device applications. The average peak to peak amplitude value of the EOG signal for the new site came around about 1.25 volt.

In recent years, CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) have increasingly become major players on the Solid State Imaging market, the market on which Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) Highly precise circuit integration capability makes CMOS technology suitable for Implementation in single-chip imaging systems while reducing all other secondary effects. But, still there are many effects concerning the optimistic operation of the CIS device. The effects like the quantified temperature, global & local leakage and non-uniformities induced by on-chip temperature variations were some among them. Striving towards novel design of the CIS device may reduce some of these effects. With this perspective the transfer gate transistor approach was studied and possibilities of incorporating have to be explored. Various optoelectric devices can be simulated by using TCAD Sentaurus. The device, optical and the process simulation flow addresses the needs of the optoelectronic community to simulate CMOS image sensor device.