Existing works have approached the problem of reliable transport in ad-hoc networks by proposing mechanisms to improve TCP's performance over such networks. In this paper we show through detailed arguments and simulations that several of the design elements in TCP are fundamentally inappropriate for the unique characteristics of ad-hoc networks. Given that ad-hoc networks are typically stand-alone, we approach the problem of reliable transport from the perspective that it is justifiable to develop an entirely new transport protocol that is not a variant of TCP. Toward this end, we present a new reliable transport layer protocol for ad-hoc networks called ATP (ad-hoc transport protocol). We show through ns2 based simulations that ATP outperforms both default TCP and TCP-ELFN.

Clarification of the cortical mechanisms underlying auditory sensory gating may advance our understanding of brain dysfunctions associated with schizophrenia. To this end, data from 9 epilepsy patients who participated in an auditory paired-click paradigm during pre-surgical evaluation and had grids of electrodes covering temporal and frontal lobe were analyzed. A distributed source localization approach was applied to intracranial P50 response and Gating Difference Wave obtained by subtracting the response to second stimuli from the response to first stimuli.Source reconstruction of the P50 showed that the main generators of the response were localized at the temporal lobes. The analysis also suggested that the maximum neuronal activity contributing to the amplitude reduction at the P50 time range (phenomenon of auditory sensory gating) is localized at the frontal lobe.Present findings suggest that while the temporal lobe is the main generator of the P50 component, the frontal lobe seems to be a substantial contributor to the process of sensory gating as observed from scalp recordings.

he mobile social networking revolution is upon us and could have as profound an effect in enriching local social interaction as the Internet has had in enriching online information access and discourse. The key observation in this article is that the explosive phenomenon of online social networks can be harnessed using mobile devices to answer the compelling question that frequently appears in local social contexts: "Who's that?" It is often the case that people want to find out more about those who are around them; for example, who is that speaking to a group of people in a corner of the room, or who is that who just walked into the room? Standard solutions include asking those around you, looking at name tags, introducing yourself, and so on, none of which leverage the power of technology to help answer these compelling questions and thereby enrich the social interaction.Online social networks have exploded in popularity [1-3]. As of December 2007, Facebook had over 59 million users [4]. It is estimated that over 85 percent of four-year college students have a Facebook profile, presenting a very usable penetration rate and providing an incredible resource for applications that might leverage this data. These online social networks provide a wealth of personal contextual information, including name, picture, contact information, gender, relationship status/interests, activities/hobbies, musical preferences, literature interests, group membership, and, of course, friendship information concerning user interconnection. Social networks provide a variety of mechanisms for users to share these rich sets of contextual data with other users, including searching for other users with similar interests, as well as a means to establish and maintain communication with other users. Social networks can be seen as a natural evolution of the Internet, where the first big wave facilitated a person's access to information; for example, Web servers and peer-topeer networks providing news and information content, as well as ways to buy products, whereas this next big wave is focused on facilitating person-to-person communication.WhozThat is motivated by the idea that bringing this rich contextual information from online social networks into the real world of local human interactions substantially enriches local social interaction. Imagine if you knew more about the people around you in a social gathering, such that you could more easily strike up a conversation with someone with whom you were interested in talking. By being informed via mobile technology of the identity of the person with whom you are seeking to interact and consulting information obtained from that person's public social networking profile, you could more easily initiate a conversation, perhaps introducing yourself and saying, "I noticed we have a shared interest in this hobby or that cause." The ability of mobile social networking (MoSoNet) technology to substantially lower the barriers to social discourse by minimizing unfamiliarity could revolutionize human soc...

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