The concept of acquisition is recognised for obtain the language, though the term of learning is used for the same notion often. Even they are different in their meaning and sense, but the term of acquisition is more academic and appropriate than the term of learning. This term is mostly used for the first language which its meaning is different of learning if we think about it in term of the first language compare to the second language. When the children acquired their first language, they achieved the completed grammar or the rules (competence) of their mother tongue. Once some people desire to learn the second or another language, the completed systems of the grammar that they obtained have a great influence of the acquiring the second language. This paper is about that effect and it will be more clarified in detail in the context. This topic is really significant in the modern world because a lot of people wish to learn another languages, that each one has a factor of acquiring second language such as business, study, technology, science, travel, and work opportunity.

The paper attempts to identify the challenges faced by student-teachers of Kurdish Department- College of Basic Education- University of Sulaimani during their teaching practice. The study hypothesizes that student-teachers encounter some challenges throughout teaching practice. To investigate the challenges, a questionnaire is designed, which consists of 20 relevant items of the practicum process. The questionnaire is responded by 34 student-teachers. The data is analyzed; according to the analyzed data, the study reached a result that student-teachers face some challenges in the schools, which includes a shortage of practicum period, use of traditional methods by the school teachers, lack of teaching facilities, large classes, lack of evaluator’s regular visiting and ignoring the practice side of Kurdish lesson.

Linguists define language as a means to communicate. There are many varieties of language in the world; each one is somewhat independent in some aspects, but generally shares some characteristics with all the others. Languages also tend to impact each other in various ways, especially by-borrowing‖ words through technology and politics. There is no doubt that every language has its own set of rules and characteristics such as grammar, sentence structure, and phonetics. This paper examines the structure of verb phrases in the Kurdish languagethe paper will clarify just what a verb phrase is. The X-Bar theory is used to illustrate the structure of verb phrasing in the Kurdish language. This theory dictates that each sentence structure has ahead ,‖ and all other sentence components are under the rule of this head. In sentences, the verb is the head and rules the sentence while in phrases, the head is usually either the noun or the verb. This research will illuminate the structure of verb phrasing in the Kurdish language and compare it with that of the English language.

The paper entitled (the derivational morphemes of agent nouns in Kurdish and English languages), is a comparative study. It intends to illustrate the construction of word formation of agent nouns in Kurdish and English languages. The paper consists of introduction and two chapters, also the results and references have been presented at the end of the research. The first chapter is about the grammatical rules and morphological process of derivational and inflectional morphemes. Then, the most significant derivational morphemes of agent nouns in Kurdish language have been displayed. In the second chapter, the most significant derivational morphemes of agent nouns of English language and their rules have been presented. Consequently, the most significant comparative and contrasts points of the derivational morphemes of agent nouns in both languages have been demonstrated.