There is a lack of quantitative data regarding exposure response relationships between low back pain (LBP) and associated risk factors among institute staff in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. This study explored such associations in an analytic cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out with a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 70 (90%) institute staff from Koya Technical Institute (KTI) participated in this study. The findings indicated that 61.4% of KTI staff report LBP. Independent variables significantly associated with reporting LBP (P value <0.05) during past 12 months were smoking (OR=10.882; 95%CI=1.301-90.995) and job tenure (OR=3.159; 95% CI=1.072-9.312). In conclusion, LBP is significantly associated with smoking and years worked; therefore, workers should be educated on the effects of smoking not only as it relates to LBP, but also how it affects the whole body and how to quit it. This can be done through health promotion campaigns and programs sponsored by the university.

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) represent one of the leading causes of occupational injury and disability among the professional nursing, due to the number and variety of risk factors associated with the work environment. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and its association with ergonomic risk factors. A selfadministered questionnaire and observational method was used to collect information from 420 individuals and then the data were computerized and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.

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The obesity rate and its prevalence are increasing with many complications in the population. Obesity is a condition in which the bodyweight gain extended to the point where it causes obstacles to health. Usually, this extended body weight comes from excessive fat which consequences of the imbalance between calories expended and calories consumed. Pre-test questionnaire by utilizing validation of self-administration as a cross-sectional investigation was carried out to diagnose the overview of obesity and health issue risks among Koya technical staff. The height of the staff was calculated by supporting a measuring tape (Seca 206 body meter) and the mass of the body (kg) was measured by providing weighing scale TANTA. Overall, according to the findings of this study, we conclude that body overweight (54.7%) and obesity (18%) are clear among academics and administrate staff of Koya Technical Institute at Erbil Polytechnic University. While normal body weights are (25.3%) and underweight approximately (2%). Analyses of data showed that obesity is a significant difference between married and unmarried of participants, besides, there are many factors appear to have a great role and association with health situation and body overweight such as (age, gender, and level of education, type of work, income and physical activity). Physical activities and lifestyle have a strong relation with obesity, especially its reveal among administrates rather than academics, because of fewer activities and lack of regular exercise.