The purpose of this study is threefold. First, we look at the linkages between Eastern European emerging equity markets and Russia. Second, we investigate the relationships between the currency markets of Poland, Hungary, Russia, and the Czech Republic. Finally, we examine the interdependence between Emerging Eastern European and Russian equity and currency markets. We estimate a bivariate GARCH-BEKK model proposed by Engle and Kroner (1995) using weekly returns. We find evidence of direct linkages between the equity markets in terms of both returns and volatility, as well as in the currency markets. When analyzing the relationships between currency and stock markets we find unidirectional volatility spillovers from currency to stock markets. The results show clear evidence of integration of Eastern European markets within the region and with Russia as well.

International linkage of the Russian market and the Russian financial crisis: A multivariate GARCH analysis 4 All opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Bank of Finland.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of corporate governance quality and ownership structure on the relationship between the agency cost and firm performance. Both the fixed-effects model and a more robust dynamic panel generalized method of moment estimation are applied to Chinese A-listed firms for the years 2008 to 2016. The results show that the agency–performance relationship is positively moderated by (1) corporate governance quality, (2) ownership concentration, and (3) non-state ownership. State ownership has a negative effect on the agency–performance relationship. Various robust tests of an alternative measure of agency cost confirm our main conclusions. The analysis adds to the empirical literature on agency theory by providing useful insights into how corporate governance and ownership concentration can help mitigate agency–performance relationship. It also highlights the impact of ownership type on the relationship between agency cost and firm performance. Our study supports the literature that agency cost and firm performance are negatively related to the Chinese listed firms. The investors should keep in mind the proxies of agency cost while choosing a specific stock. Secondly; the abuse of managerial appropriation is higher in state-held firms as compared to non-state firms. Policymakers can use these results to devise the investor protection rules so that managerial appropriation can be minimized.

This paper aims to study the extent of overinvestment, underinvestment problem and measure its impact on corporate performance. Our sample consists of 7 years data (2005 to 2011) of 360 non-financial companies listed in the Singapore Stock Market. After panel data models appropriation tests (LM test, Hausman test, No Fixed effect test) we employed fixed effect regression methodology in our analysis. Our results show that 52% firms in our sample are engaged in proper investment projects, 29% firms are overinvesting, while 19% firms are underinvesting. Maximum overinvestment is taking place in Basic Material sector while maximum underinvestment happening in Healthcare sector. Further tests show that both overinvestment and underinvestment shows severe negative impact on firm performance. However, proper investment has positive impact on firm performance in Singapore Stock Market. The results highlight the extent of agency problem in Singapore Stock Market. Moreover, it depicts the importance of investment activities of Singaporean companies for the international investors and portfolio managers