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The growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been extensively studied using electron microscopy. The ex situ structural behavior was examined to investigate the growth of the MWCNTs under different environments and pressures using electron microscopy. The arc discharge plasma technique was applied to synthesize the MWCNTs by evaporating carbon through the arc plasma between two cylindrical graphite rods, with a background pressure of 10−2 to 102 mbar, inside a vacuum chamber under different ambient environments. The results showed that long MWCNT structures were successfully grown. We suggest that the mechanism involves: (i) fullerene formation; (ii) the elongation of fullerenes; and (iii) the growth of MWCNTs. Agglomeration with other structures then forms MWCNT bundles. We note that the pressure and environment in the vacuum chamber can affect the structure of the MWCNTs.

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The effect of temperature on double ring resonator (DRR) glucose sensing is investigate theoretically and proposed. Different from other optical resonator, the pulse laser is used as an input source and the vertical DRR configuration is used. The concept for pulse propagation is based on the split-step Fourier method. Result shows that the detection of glucose is measured by optical losses and the losses at 26oC are 1.86 dB at through and 0.93 dB at drop port, respectively. The performance of glucose sensing on DRR is degraded by temperature. Effect of temperature creates more losses which results total loss of 2.01 dB at through and 1 dB at drop port when temperature increase by 1oC.

This paper presents the new approaches of optimization the add-drop configuration system by using Z-transform method. Dark soliton was chosen as the input signal and Gaussian beam was chosen as the control signal for the model proposed. The incident light was said to achieve the maximum resonance with the ring resonator when the phase shift, . The derivation, analyzation, and optimization of the system are typically very important especially for the communication technology.