Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathological process with various etiologies, causing decreased kidney function progressively and irreversibly. The prevalence of CKD in the last ten years has increased. Causative factors of CKD vary highly in each countries around the world. Hemodialysis is still the primary kidney therapy besides peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. This study aims to discover the causative factors of chronic kidney disease in patients with hemodialysis therapy at the Medan Rasyida Kidney Specialty Hospital in 2019. The design of this research is a descriptive method, the respondents were 307 chronic kidney disease patients with hemodialysis therapy taken by total sampling. The most common factors causing chronic kidney disease in patients with hemodialysis therapy were hypertension (59.6%), diabetes mellitus (32.2%), obstructive nephropathy (2.6%), and gout nephropathy (2.3%), polycystic kidney (2.0%) and glomerulonephritis (1.3%). Hypertension is the most common cause of CKD in Medan Rasyida Kidney Hospital in 2019.

Betel leaf can be used as an antiseptic. Its chemical contents are saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential/aetheric oil. Saponins may act as antimicrobials by damaging cytoplasmic membranes and lead to cell death. The flavonoids are thought to act by of denaturing bacterial cell proteins and damaging the cell membranes irreversibly. Medically, 10% povidone iodine could speed up wound healing. However, traditionally, a number of plants have been used to prevent inflammation and to improve wound healing. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of betel leaf on wound healing in rabbits. This was an experimental study with the post control only controlled group design. Samples were obtained randomly. The Mann-Whitney test showed a P-value of 0.000 on wound healing and a P-value of 1.000 on infection. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in improvement of wound healing between betel leaf and 10% povidine iodine application but there was no significant difference between them in prevention of infection.Keywords: betel leaf, incision wound, povidone iodineAbstrak: Daun sirih bisa digunakan sebagai antiseptik. Kandungan kimia dari tanaman sirih ialah saponin, flavonoid, polifenol, dan minyak atsiri. Senyawa saponin dapat bekerja sebagai antimikroba dengan merusak membran sitoplasma dan membunuh sel. Senyawa flavonoid diduga memiliki mekanisme kerja mendenaturasi protein sel bakteri dan merusak membran sel tanpa dapat diperbaiki lagi. Secara medis, untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka bisa diolesi povidone iodine 10%, tetapi secara tradisional sejumlah tanaman telah digunakan untuk mencegah peradangan dan penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas daun sirih terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan post test only controlled group design. Sampel penelitian diambil secara acak (random). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan nilai P=0,000 pada parameter penyembuhan luka dan memiliki perbedaan bermakna sedangkan pada parameter infeksi nilai P 1,000 (P >0,05) tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam penyembuhan luka antara aplikasi daun sirih dan povidine iodine 10% tetapi tidak dalam terjadinya infeksi. Kata kunci: daun sirih,luka insisi , povidone iodine