Objective To compare fully guided with conventionally guided implant surgery performed by dental students in terms of deviation of actual implant position from an ideal implant position. Materials and methods Twenty‐five patients in need of 26 straightforward implant‐supported single crowns were randomly allocated to a fully guided (FG, n = 14) or a conventionally guided (CG, n = 12) implant surgery. In the preoperative CBCTs, 3 experienced investigators placed a virtual implant in the ideal position, twice, allowing deviational analysis in the facio‐lingual (coronal) and mesio‐distal (sagittal) planes for 7 parameters. Facio‐lingual crestal deviation, facio‐lingual apical deviation, facio‐lingual angular deviation, mesio‐distal crestal deviation, mesio‐distal apical deviation, mesio‐distal angular deviation, and vertical deviation between the ideal, virtually placed position and actual implant position for the FG and CG groups were compared statistically (p < .05). Results Statistically significant differences between ideal and actual implant position were only seen for the facio‐lingual apical deviation (p = .047) and for the facio‐lingual angular deviation (p = .019), where the CG group deviated more from the ideal position than the FG group. The 5 other examined variables did not show any significant differences, and none of the implants in the FG group and CG group were placed in conflict with the clinical guidelines. Conclusions The present study reported no difference in 5 out of 7 deviational parameters concerning actual implant position in relation to ideal implant position between a FG and CG implant placement protocol performed by dental students. Facio‐lingual angular deviation and apical deviation were lower, when a FG protocol was followed. All implants were positioned according to clinical guidelines.

Background: For experienced clinicians, fully-guided implant surgery could lead to higher accuracy than conventional surgery. The benefit of digital guidance for implant surgery by dental students is unknown. Accuracy is documented as 3D measures of the global distance and angular deviation between the virtually planned and actual implant position. The clinical applicability of these variables may increase if additional information was reported, i.e. direction of deviation from the ideal implant position. Aim/Hypothesis: The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of fully-guided implant surgery with conventional implant surgery performed by dental students, in which the actual implant position is compared with an ideal, virtually planned implant position. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients in need of straightforward implant-supported single crowns were randomly allocated to a fullyguided (T, n = 13) or a conventionally guided (C, n = 12) implant surgery. Pre-and postoperative CBCT scans (field-of-view: 5x5 cm) were obtained for all patients. In the T-group, surgical guides were produced based on CBCTs and optical scans of the implant quadrant imported into a dedicated software. In the C-group, surgical guides were produced based on wax-ups on stone models. In the preoperative CBCTs, 3 experts placed a virtual implant in the ideal position twice, allowing accuracy analysis in the coronal (facio-lingual) and sagittal (mesio-distal) planes. Coronal Crestal Deviation, Coronal Apical Deviation, Coronal Angular Deviation, Sagittal Crestal Deviation, Sagittal Apical Deviation, Sagittal Angular Deviation and Vertical Deviation between the ideal, virtually planned position and actual implant position for the T-and Cgroups were compared statistically (P < 0.05) Results: Intra-and inter-examiner correlation coefficients ranged from moderate to excellent, for all investigated parameters. The Coronal Crestal Deviation, Sagittal Crestal Deviation, Sagittal Apical Deviation, Sagittal Angular Deviation and Vertical deviation between the virtually planned and actual implant position were not significantly different in the T-group versus C-group. Statistically significant differences between ideal and actual position were seen for both the