Beogradu 2 Mentor: Institut za mikrobiologiju i imunologiju Sažetak Uvod: Streptokok grupe B je značajan humani patogen koji kolonizuje vaginu i jedan je od najznačajnijih izazivača rane neonatalne sepse i meningitisa. U mnogim zemljama se sprovode skrining trudnica i intrapartalna upotreba antibiotika. Rezistencija streptokoka grupe B na linkozamide (klindamicin) i makrolide predstavlja značajan problem jer su oni terapija drugog izbora kod alergije na penicilin. Cilj: Naš cilj je bio određivanje rezistencije streptokoka grupe B na antibiotike i detekcija fenotipova makrolidne rezistencije na uzorku dobijenom od trudnica na teritoriji Beograda. Materijal i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 105 izolata. Uzorci vaginalnih briseva od trudnica iz porodilišta Ginekološko-akušerske klinike "Narodni front" i Ginekološko-akušerske klinike Kliničkog centra Srbije presejavani su na krvni i Miler Hinton agar radi daljih bakterioloških analiza i izrade antibiograma. Rezultati: Rezistencija na makrolide nađena je kod 30,4% izolata, a na klindamicin kod 23,8%. Nađena je velika učestalost rezistencije na tetracikline (88,6%). Dominantan fenotip rezistencije je bila izazvana udružena rezistencija na makrolide i linkozamide (MLS) (62,4%). Zaključak: Velika učestalost makrolidne rezistencije kod nas ukazuje na značaj daljeg praćenja ove pojave kod streptokoka grupe B.

Intoduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen and the most common cause of acute otitis media (AOM), especially in children. It is also a common cause of community acquired pneumonia, sepsis and bacterial meningitis. Drug of choice in the treatment of these disease are beta lactam antibiotics, and the first alternative are macrolides. The increasing prevalence of resistance to penicillin and macrolides, among pneumococci, has considerably complicated the treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine susceptibility of pneumococcal isolates from pediatric AOM in Serbia to antibiotics. Material and methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 61 pneumococcal AOM was performed, collected from December 2014 to December 2015, using disk diffusion method and E test. Macrolide resistance profile was determined by double disk diffusion test. Results: In our study, 40 strains (65.6%) showed reduced sensitivity to penicillin and erythromycin. There were 9 (14.8%) high resistant isolates to penicillin, while 31 (50.8%) showed reduced susceptibility. The most frequent resistance phenotype was cMLS. Co-resistance to penicillin and macrolides was found in 14.8% strains. Conclusion: Our results showed high resistance rate of S. pneumoniae, which causes AOM among children, to penicillin and macrolides. Further active surveillance of pneumococcal susceptibility to antibiotics is necessary, and use of these medications in empirical therapy should be limited.