Introduction Kienbock disease is relatively rare condition of aseptic necrosis of the lunate, which can be diagnosed using X-ray scans, CT scans, MRI scans and diagnostic arthroscopy. Aim Main aim of the paper is to sum up available knowledge of diagnostic methods of Kienbock disease with staging classifications. Material and methods The paper is based on academic literature and scientific publications, which are available in PubMed database. After evaluation of article’s abstracts, articles were selected and analysed with the references citated. Conclusions There are different methods of radiological diagnostics of Kienbock disease. MRI scans and diagnostic arthroscopy appear to be the most detailed techniques, but X-ray scan should be ordered as primary radiological examination during diagnostic process. Ultrasonography is not useful while searching for a diagnosis.

Cardiac tumors are a heterogeneous group of pathologic masses of the heart that contain primary tumors—benign or malignant, and secondary tumors. Metastases are significantly more frequent, mostly originating from lung, breast, gastrointestinal tract, or ovary carcinomas. Secondary cardiac tumors may be asymptomatic or may cause cardiovascular, systemic, or embolic symptoms. The study is a summary of the available knowledge on cancerous metastatic lesions of the heart. Pleural mesothelioma (48.4%), adenocarcinoma (19.5%), or squamous cell carcinoma (18.2%) of lung, breast carcinoma (15.5%), ovarian carcinoma (10.3%), and bronchoalveolar carcinomas (9.8%) are cited as the most common origin of secondary heart tumors. Masses can spread by direct tumor invasion, by lymphatic vessels, veins, or arteries. Patients with cancer and nonspecific cardiovascular symptoms should be particularly vigilant, and the possibility of metastasis in an unusual location such as the myocardium should be considered in the diagnosis. Diagnostic methods include echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and histologic evaluation. Treatment of choice is managing primary carcinoma, due to the poor outcomes of surgical methods.

Introduction and Objective. Guyon canal syndrome (GCS) is rare neuropathy of the ulnar nerve, caused by its compression at the level of the wrist. In GCS, nerve compression may be caused by endogenic and exogenous reasons. It leads to motor or sensory disfunction regarding IV and V finger and hypothenar area. When symptoms ocurr among cyclists, the conditio is described as handlebar palsy -malfunction due to long-distance bike rides, as a result of repeatable vibrations and bearing bodyweight on wrists and hands. Review methods. The Sumary is based on academic literature and scientific publications available in Portal Komunikacji Naukowej, PubMed and NCBI -National Library of Medicine databases. After evaluation of abstracts, articles were selected and analyzed, considering the references citated. Publications that were analyzed, was two academic literature positions in Polish and both Polish and international publications from the fields of neurology, orthopaedics and radiology, containing a prospective study, retrospective study, systematic review, case study and several articles. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Diagnostic methods of GCS were based on the evaluation of clinical symptoms and radiological or electrophysiological methods, such as USG, MRI or EMG. Treatment is based mainly on conservative management -rest, NSAIDs and steroid injections. Cyclists should take into consideration change of gear or bike position. The ultimate methods are surgical treatments, based on relieving compression of the ulnar nerve. Summary. Guyon canal syndrome is a significantly rare condition, often connected with sport activities, leading to malfunction of the hand mainly in its hypothenar area, which can be treated conservatively and surgically.