The natural history of small renal masses (SRM) is still not well understood and they are frequently incidentally diagnosed in elderly patients. Therefore, there is a need for less invasive options sparing the patient from the side-effects related to conventional surgical treatment. PubMed and Medline database search was performed to look for new findings on active surveillance and focal therapy for SRM. Sixty-one articles published between 2002 and 2018 were selected for the purpose of the review. There is growing evidence confirming the safety of active surveillance in patients at surgical risk and there appears to be a satisfactory intermediate-term outcome of focal treatment of SRM. In the group of elderly patients with a decreased life expectancy active surveillance appears to be the most appropriate approach. The future of minimally invasive therapy appears bright, especially with the improvement of new imaging modalities.

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The article describes a case of surgical treatment of a patient with congenital aniridia, progressive cataract and nystagmus. The patient underwent several stages of treatment, concluded with an artificial iris implantation in both eyes. The presence of significant nystagmus caused the appearance of postoperative complications in one eye, which is why changes in the method of further treatment were introduced.