No abstract

Leiomyoma is a benign tumour, originating from smooth muscles cells. This tumor commonly involves the uterus, vagina, stomach, intestine, urinary bladder and other organs. Only a few cases of splenic leiomyoma in dogs have been reported in the available literature. Much more frequently malignant leiomyosarcoma was found. The aim of this study was to compile rare clinical case of splenic leiomyoma in dog, which developed with no clinical signs and no abnormalities in blood findings. A 14-year-old, spayed bitch was examined with ultrasonography, where lesions on the spleen were identified. Based on the clinical findings (blood test in norm, no metastases in X-ray examination) surgical removal of spleen was recommended. Two fragments of tumors were prepare for histopathological examination. The lesion was described as smooth muscle benign tumor, therefore a diagnosis of leiomyoma was made. About a year after splenectomy no signs of metastases were present in a ultrasound and X-ray examinations. This report indicates the necessity of taking the occurrence of benign lesions in the spleen into account . Splenectomy based on the presence of tumor lesion should be associated with histopathological examination to identify the nature of change. This clinical case, despite a marked morphological lesion shown during intraoperative examination, was benign with successful prognosis. Running title: Splenic Leiomyoma in Dog

Dicephaly is a peculiar type of conjoined twins, which is observed in cattle and other vertebrates. The analysis demonstrates the course and division of arteries of the cranium of a one-day-old two-headed conjoined calf. In comparison with the normal pattern of the bovine cranial vasculature, the arteries of the head of the conjoined animal were considerably modified. The absence of the arteries found in anatomically normal cattle was compensated by very strong, modified linguofacial trunks located at the place where the animals' heads were conjoined. Brain base arteries, head vascularity, ruminantConjoined twins, resulting from a malformation of monozygotic twins, have been known at least since 6500 BC (Mellaart 1962). This condition is caused by an incomplete division of the embryo during the embryogenesis (Wagner et al. 2013).Dicephaly (dicephalus; two-headed monster) is a peculiar type of conjoined twins observed in cattle (Cornillie et al. 2006;Čítek et al. 2009). The case of a two-headed bull shark described by Wagner et al. (2013) proves that this malformation has a universal character in vertebrates.In The aim of this study was to describe the arterial vascularisation in a case of conjoined twin cattle, including the arteries of the encephalic base, and to compare this pattern with the anatomically normal head vascularisation in the same species. Materials and MethodsThe research was conducted on a one-day-old, two-headed conjoined still-born bull calf with five limbs, born from a Polish Red-and-White cow of the Bos taurus species. A Caesarean section was carried out during calving. The investigation was conducted on a corrosion preparation of the vessels on a bone scaffold. For this purpose the arteries of the animal under investigation were filled with acetone-dissolved stained vinyl superchloride. The injection mass was infused through the heart into the brachiocephalic trunk by means of an air-cushioned syringe at a pressure of 60-80 kPa. After about 40 days the mass had hardened and the heads were enzymatically macerated (Persil ® -Henkel, Düsseldorf, Germany) at a temperature of 38 °C. The resulting corrosion preparations were used to analyse the course, division and connections of arteries in relation to the bone scaffold of the cranium (skeletotopia).The anatomical nomenclature used conformed to an illustrated elaboration on the anatomical nomenclature (Simoens 1978(Simoens -1979. ResultsThe heads were conjoined in the atlanto-occipital region. The vertebrae of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal spine were present as a single set. The investigation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal anatomy of the forearm of the golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and ultrasonography (US) and then compare the results with the results of a gross anatomy dissection of the forearm. The results of the US examination of the musculoskeletal system of the tamarin forearm were not satisfactory. US imaging enabled observation of the shape of the soft tissue and the size of muscle groups; however, we distinguished more muscles by traditional methods. In addition, in the dissection study, the assessment of the muscles was easier. Examination of the forearm bones using micro-CT provided a complete picture of the bones in this part of the body and was less time-consuming than traditional methods. Imaging allows the anatomy to be represented as a 3D image. However, some methods are not accurate; as in our study, US did not allow a complete assessment of the forearm musculature.

This paper describes the methodology of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for determining the total phosphorus content in bottom sediment samples. Homogenized samples subjected to a microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion, and next analyzed for total phosphorus content using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The method was optimized and its validation parameters were determined. Assessing the selectivity of the method, found the spectral interferences of other elements (especially copper) on P can be partially eliminated by using the optimal operating conditions. The method exhibited excellent linearity (r>0.999) in the entire measurement range (25-5000 mg Pkg-1) and very good recovery (99%). It was also characterized by high repeatability (relative standard deviation of 1%) and reproducibility (reproducibility standard deviation of 10%). The relative expanded uncertainty of the method was estimated at 21.2%.