The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, instruction, and evaluation of the undergraduate pilot course, Introduction to Sustainable Food and Bioenergy Systems (SFBS), at Montana State University. Introduction to SFBS is an interdisciplinary, team-taught, experiential education course designed to introduce students to broad array of SFBS-related topics, expose students to career opportunities in these fields, and enable them to establish relationships with food, agriculture, and energy stakeholders. Students completed baseline and follow-up surveys in which they reported information about their backgrounds, values, and knowledge of SFBS-related topics. The surveys also tracked students' learning and allowed them to provide feedback on course methods. According to the follow-up survey, over the course of the semester students demonstrated development of course vocabulary and concepts. Students' experiences in the course prompted changes in their school-and career-related goals. Additionally, the team-teaching approach was highly valued. Students also indicated that teaching should be more solutions-focused. Evaluation of
The restructuring of the health care system will result in expansion of health promotion and disease prevention services in the community. Nurses in education and home health care can work together to develop practice models of the future by using the resources of both institutions to improve the community's health. The Neighborhood Wellness Center, a nurse managed center, is described and the benefits to home care, nursing education, and the community are discussed.
You may have wondered whether birds that are performing seemingly useless aerial acrobatics may in fact be enjoying themselves. Since birds cannot report (verbally) on their emotions, assigning such emotions has been notoriously difficult. Recently though, researchers started to adopt a componential view on emotions, which contains behavioural, psychological and physiological elements that can be measured in animals. Integrating these three elements, we examined whether flying generates positive affect in the galah. Specifically, we measured behaviour, cognitive bias, and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in galahs (n=17) that actively participated in a free flight demonstration and compared measurements of days on which they did or did not fly. We found that all individuals almost always choose to fly when given the opportunity, as well as increased appetitive behaviours after flying in comparison to non-flight days. In addition, birds became more likely to respond optimistically in a cognitive bias task after consecutive days of flight, and conversely, became more likely to respond pessimistically with increasing days on which flight opportunity was withheld. Although no differences were found between faecal glucocorticosteroid concentrations on flight and non-flight days, a decrease in glucocorticosteroid concentrations could be noticed with increasing precipitation. Our results suggest that galahs are motivated to fly, and that flight positively affects their emotional state, therefore emphasizing the need for further studies into the role of affective states in initiating animal behaviour, and into free flight as a potential ethological need for birds.
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