ObjectivesTo investigate whether the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) reflects objective measures of physical function in people with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn total, 139 people, 71 with RA fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria (1987) and 68 with OA fulfilling ACR criteria for OA of the hip or knee, completed the HAQ‐DI. Physical function was assessed using Timed Up and Go (TUG), 30 seconds Sit to Stand (STS), grip strength dynamometry and pedometer steps over 7 days.ResultsThe strongest association with HAQ‐DI was with the TUG (R2 of 0.671 and 0.512 in RA and OA groups, respectively). HAQ‐DI and STS showed a non‐linear association in both groups with R2 of 0.380 in RA and 0.359 in OA. A strong association was found between HAQ‐DI and grip strength in the OA group (R2 = 0.681), whereas the RA group showed a moderate association (R2 = 0.285). There was a strong association between the HAQ‐DI and pedometer measures in RA (R2 = 0.562), although this association was weak in OA (R2 = 0.156).ConclusionThe HAQ‐DI has a strong association with the TUG in both RA and OA. There was variable association between the HAQ‐DI and other physical performance measures, as well as differences between the RA and OA cohorts. In order to form a full and accurate clinical picture, health professionals should perform both subjective patient‐reported outcome measures and objective physical performance measures of disability.

Morality is a trait which is perceived and prioritized in face-perception; however, immorality is not homogenous with two common categories being purity (e.g., cannibalism and incest) and autonomy violations (e.g., theft and corruption). The current research establishes whether both purity and autonomy violations are associated with low facial morality as well as exploring whether they are also associated with other distinct facial traits. Participants were asked to rate unfamiliar faces on either one social trait (competence, capability, likeability, friendliness, honesty, trustworthiness, dominance, or masculinity) or their likelihood to commit a purity or autonomy violation. Likelihood to commit all moral violations was predicted by lower facial morality. Additionally, all purity violations were associated with male gender and, most often, low dominance while autonomy violations and the purity violation of cannibalism were associated with high dominance. Within these categories, stealing was associated with lower competence, eating a pet dog was associated with older age, and both corruption and incest were associated with white ethnicity. This suggests low facial morality is consistently associated with perceived likelihood to commit immoral actions. However, data also suggests a distinction both between and within autonomy and purity categories in other facial traits associated with these acts.

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