The subject of the scientific work is analysis of the essence of the "transfer pricing" concept. It has been proven that transfer pricing is an economic and legal tool used by business entities for their tax burden optimization.

In the context of neo-protectionism and in terms of WTO membership, regulatory mechanisms for promoting the national producer and country’s external expansion require an institutional basis. This paper primarily aims to explore the resource and institutional component in promoting Ukraine’s exports to Chinese market and to identify the level of Ukraine’s export promotion system effectiveness based on combinatorial approach, which includes the calculation of quantitative indicators of foreign trade in the form of international production and marketing cooperation and estimation of qualitative parameters of export promotion effectiveness. The empirical findings indicate following: high dynamism of increasing mutual trade volume; enlargement of trade flows asymmetry caused by the negative trade balance of Ukrainian economy; limited list of commodity groups of Ukrainian exports in mutual trade with China with stable relative advantages; dominance of low-value-added commodities among export priority groups; absence of beneficial effect of such a factor as “long-term partnerships” in the mutual trade flow. The paper reveals that national export promotion system in Ukraine can be characterized by low efficiency and strong potential for growth. The authors emphasize the importance of intensifying the projects and mechanisms of financial and investment support for exporters with increasing the level of their innovative orientation. Prospects for further research in this area are as follows: the assessment of macroeconomic effects from the introduction of export promotion tools for the national economy of countries of origin of goods and importing countries; detection of anticompetitive risks in the implementation of selective support programs for exporters.

Determining the conditions for further liberalization and the reality of long-term and effective trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine with the EU countries requires assessing the strength and probability of the influence of institutional factors. The possibility of taking into account the significance of institutional factors in the development of foreign trade relations creates a gravity modelling. Determination of gravitational principles of foreign trade actualizes the problem of developing the gravity model, which takes into account impact of institutional factors, contains the necessary and sufficient number of factors, and may be tested for adequacy based on statistical data. The purpose of the paper is to construct the gravity model taking into account the institutional conditions of trade and its empirical verification on the example of trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU. Methodology. Methods of statistical analysis and econometric modelling were used for constructing the gravity model, estimating its statistical significance and predictive ability. In the article, the necessity of taking into account the influence of institutional factors on the formation of the competitive status of the country in the sphere of international trade is substantiated. It is proved that, in conditions of increasing the contradictory nature of trade relations, the role of institutional gravity factors in foreign trade between states increases. The result of the article is the gravity model with such explanatory factors, as the gross domestic product of trade partners in purchasing power parity and the complex characteristic of “trade distance” between countries as an indicator of the influence of institutional factors on foreign trade relations. As a conclusion, it may be noted that the model is statistically significant, adequately describes the input data. The proposed model takes into account the presence of institutional factors of foreign trade, whose influence on the interstate trade and economic cooperation conditions is constantly increasing. Value/originality. The proposed results can be used for modelling and forecasting of foreign trade between trading partners, taking into account the impact of specific institutional factors on their foreign trade relations.

Детермінанти імпортозалежності економіки УкраїниРозглянуто актуальне питання формування ефективної системи регулювання імпорту з метою стимулювання вітчизняної промисловості та розширення експортного потенціалу України. Дослідження здійснено на основі аналізу обсягів імпортоспоживання в економіці України. Огляд наукових джерел у цьому напрямку вказує на те, що серед науковців ведуться дискусії щодо впливу імпорту на економічний розвиток. У невеликій кількості серед наявних робіт досліджено питання впливу тарифних і нетарифних обмежень на конкурентоспроможність продукції вітчизняного виробництва. Водночас потребують подальшого дослідження тенденції та наслідки зростаючої імпортозалежності економіки України. Проаналізовано динаміку зовнішньої торгівлі України, товарну та географічну структуру імпорту і напрями його використання на цілі проміжного, кінцевого споживання та валового нагромадження. Визначено причини та наслідки перевищення обсягів імпорту над внутрішнім виробництвом і розраховано показники відкритості національної економіки. Оцінено можливості імпортозаміщення в окремих видах економічної діяльності. Обґрунтовано пріоритетність поєднання стратегії імпортозаміщення з експортною орієнтованістю промислового виробництва на основі ефективного експортпромоушн на зарубіжних ринках.

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