The purpose of the study is to establish and identify the reasons for the formation of the institutional foundations of accounting, substantiate their advantages and disadvantages for Ukraine, as well as build an effective organizational and institutional architectonics of its development. The institutional influence on the accounting system in Ukraine and its reasons are established on the basis of an empirical generalization of the positions of various authors, as well as a critical analysis of the existing norms and practices. The method of regression analysis was used to select the basic branch of the national economy, on the example of which the study was conducted. It is substantiated that objectively this influence is associated with social and international requirements, however, for agricultural enterprises, the prerequisite for the introduction of institutional frameworks is the desire of these entities for international cooperation. The above arguments are based on the analysis of statistical data, the results of a questionnaire survey of 105 heads of Ukrainian agricultural companies. An empirical generalization was carried out on the basis of a critical assessment of the normative and legal framework for the development of accounting and accounting for the results of the survey, which made it possible to assess the genesis of the introduction of institutional accounting frameworks in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and substantiate the objective need for such a process. It has been proved that the discussion on the objectivity or compulsory development of the institutional foundations of accounting has real ground. For this purpose, for comparison, the results of a questionnaire survey of managers and accounting specialists in the public sector and indicators of the dynamics of the availability of funds in the single treasury account as of January 1 in recent years are presented, which made it possible to conclude that there are no objective reasons for the institutionalization of accounting and its compulsory nature in this sector.It follows from the study that the institutionalization of accounting is both an objective requirement of the time and a mechanism of public pressure at the same time. Its assignment to one category or another is determined by the existing needs, the branch of the national economy and the results that can be obtained.

The purpose of the study was to reveal the directions, challenges and opportunities that arise in the accounting system in the conditions of Industry 4.0, when innovative solutions based on the capabilities of new digital technologies become the management of in-demand enterprises. The role of Industry 4.0 is shown, the features of modern Industry 4 technologies are revealed, the main technologies and production processes are demonstrated, interconnected using industrial protocols to create intelligent data. The rating of digital competitiveness and their readiness to implement Industry 4.0 technologies for 64 countries of the world is given and analyzed. These factors hinder the process of digitalization in countries with a low rating. The influence of Industry 4.0 on the accounting system is determined and the technologies affected by the fourth industrial revolution in terms of accounting (Big Data or Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, AI, Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), Robotic Process Automation) and changes waiting for the profession of accountant. The coordination of efforts of business, education and the state in the context of the development of Industry 4.0 technologies was noted.

Environmental protection is a necessary element of the state strategy of sustainable development. Taxes are an effective tool of environmental policy in many countries of the world. The level of environmental protection in Ukraine is low. According to the ecological component of sustainable development, Ukraine ranks 109 out of 180 countries in the world in 2020. Therefore, taxation is not a sufficiently effective tool of environmental policy in Ukraine. Ukraine's international obligations regarding environmental protection and promotion of long-term goals of sustainable development determine the need to improve the system of environmental taxation in Ukraine. In modern economic conditions the issue of restoration of natural resources and redistribution of environmental tax between the relevant budgets is becoming increasingly important. Environmental taxes as a tool of environmental policy should not just fill the state budget, but stimulate the payer to have a positive and responsible attitude towards the natural environment. The funds received can be used to stimulate environmental protection, state programs for the development and import of resource-saving technologies, waste disposal, etc. Reserves for reducing the load on the surrounding natural environment can be quickly exhausted, therefore it is important to find ways to give economic growth a new quality, so that the recovery of the economy and the growth of industrial production are accompanied by the introduction of effective environmental protection technologies. As a result of the study, the main types of environmental taxes are identified. It is established that the ecological tax is an important lever for counteracting negative changes in the environment. A comparative analysis of environmental tax revenues in the EU and Ukraine was conducted. In the process of research scientific methods were used: economic and statistical - to assess the dynamics of the payment of environmental tax; analysis and synthesis - to find out the reasons that cause changes in the amount of payment. The result of the study is clearly defined trends in the flow of funds to the relevant budgets.