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Background: Service-learning has historically been seen as a high-impact practice that empowers undergraduates to develop essential learning outcomes. Most service-learning discussed within the literature occurs as a required element of a credit-bearing academic course. Purpose: This study explored what happens when service-learning is reimagined to be disconnected from a specific course and credit hours, and available via application to all undergraduates regardless of the liberal arts/science major or year in the college. Methodology/Approach: HyperRESEARCH was used to identify themes and categories from 45 sets of weekly reflections submitted by 36 participants engaged in reimagined service-learning projects across five semesters. Findings/Conclusions: Key findings reveal that not only do undergraduates develop essential learning outcomes as delineated in the existing literature, but in many cases, their understandings, and abilities to execute these skills, are deepened when service-learning is reimagined. Findings also reveal that undergraduates may experience service-learning differently depending upon year in college. Implications: Results from this study suggest that practitioners should investigate ways to reimagine service-learning, with specific emphasis placed on the differential ways college students at various stages in their undergraduate career experience, and learn from, service-learning.

In this chapter, the authors propose a re-imagined framework for formative assessment that weaves professional teacher noticing with the use of learning trajectories and photographs. Photographs can be used to capture “disappearing data” in early childhood mathematics classrooms as a way of documenting children's mathematical thinking and used in data analysis for formative assessment. A case study, including a series of photographs of a single child's work on a one more/one less task is used to demonstrate the ways in which this new framework can be used as part of a coaching cycle aimed at improving formative assessment. The coach supports the teacher in using photographs to document student thinking; employing professional noticing coupled with learning trajectories to identify where the student's work is along the Base 10 progression of counting; and synthesizing noticings and trajectories to plan instructional next steps. Implications for both teaching and research are identified and explored.

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Use photographs as a formative assessment tool.